Muhammad Zaidan

Muhammad Zaidan (10 December 1948 – 8 March 2004), also known as Abu Abbas /ˈɑːbuː əˈbɑːs/ AH-boo ə-BAHSS (Arabic: أبو العباس‎ Abū ʿAbbās pronunciation ) or Muhammad Abbas, was (with Tal'at Ya'qoub) the founder and a leader of the Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) Organization.[1]

Muhammad Zaidan
Born
Muhammad Zaidan

(1948-12-10)10 December 1948
Yarmouk Camp
Died8 March 2004(2004-03-08) (aged 55)
? (Iraq)
Resting placeDamascus, Syria
Other namesAbū-‘Abbās or Muhammad ‘Abbās
Known forFounder and Leader of Palestine Liberation Front

Political background

Zaidan was born in 1948 in Safed, Palestine,[2] though other sources state that he was born in a Syrian refugee camp.[3]

He studied at the Damascus University where he joined the radical, pro-Syrian Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC) under Ahmed Jibril in 1968. In 1977, major disagreements arose between the PFLP-GC, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and other Palestinian factions based in Lebanon. Zaidan, who opposed Syrian involvement in the Lebanese war, left the PFLP-GC and created the PLF with Talaat Yaacoub, which eventually split into three separate factions (and then later re-merged). Zaydan's faction of the PLF, which was the largest of the three, moved its headquarters to Tunisia.

PLF leader

Since its inception in 1977, the Abbas-led PLF was a member of the Palestine Liberation Organization and received support from both the PLO and Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement. Unlike the PFLP-GC, the PLF has supported peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians. Zaidan was elected to the Executive Committee of the PLO in 1984 and represented the Palestinian National Council (PNC) in 1989 during peace negotiations with Israel. Although Zaidan was wanted by Israel for his involvement in guerrilla attacks against Israel (including attacks against civilians) throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, Israel allowed him to travel freely in the Gaza Strip throughout the 1990s because he supported the peace negotiations. One notable attack by the PLF under Zaidan's leadership resulted in the deaths of Danny Haran (age 28) and his two daughters, Einat (4) and Yael (2) in April 1979 in their Nahariya, Israel home by Samir Kuntar.

Achille Lauro hijacking

Throughout the 1980s, the PLF launched attacks on both civilian and military targets in the north of Israel, across the Lebanese border. In 1985 he masterminded the hijacking of the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro. During the hijacking, 69-year-old wheelchair-bound American Jewish passenger Leon Klinghoffer was shot dead and thrown overboard. The four hijackers, fearful of United States military intervention, surrendered to Egypt in return for safe passage out of Egypt, based on the pretext that they had done no harm to any of the passengers. Four F-14 aircraft from the U.S. 6th Fleet intercepted the plane carrying the hijackers to Tunisia and escorted it to Sigonella, a NATO base in Italy. There they discovered that Zaidan and PLO political officer Hassan were also on the plane. Insider deals within the Italian government made them both flown from Sigonella to Rome.[4] From there, Zaidan and Hassan boarded a Yugoslav civilian airliner bound for Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Despite American requests for the extradition of Zaidan from Yugoslavia, he was not extradited because of Yugoslav relations with the PLO. He then flew to Aden, South Yemen and from there to Baghdad, where Saddam Hussein sheltered him from extradition to Italy. He remained in Iraq and commanded the PLF (reunited in 1989) until the American invasion of Iraq in 2003.

Italy sentenced Zaidan in absentia to five terms of life imprisonment for his role in the Achille Lauro hijacking. He was also wanted in the US for crimes including terrorism, piracy and murder. In 1996, he apologized for the Achille Lauro hijacking and the murder of Leon Klinghoffer and advocated peace talks between Palestinians and Israel; the apology was rejected by the US government and Klinghoffer's family.

Death in custody

On 14 April 2003, Zaidan was captured by American forces in Iraq while attempting to flee from Baghdad to Syria. Italy subsequently requested his extradition. The Pentagon reported on 9 March 2004 that Zaidan had died the previous day, of natural causes, while in U.S. custody. The PLF accused the Americans of assassinating their leader. The U.S. authorities agreed to give Abbas' body to the Palestine Red Crescent Society for burial in Ramallah on the West Bank. However, his burial there was blocked by the Israeli authorities, and he was buried in the Martyrs' Cemetery in Damascus instead.

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References
  1. "Oct 7, 1985: Palestinian Terrorists Hijack an Italian Cruise Ship". The Maritime Executive. 5 October 2012. Archived from the original on 12 November 2012. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
  2. Zinni, Spencer C. Tucker, editor ; Priscilla Mary Roberts, editor, documents volume ; foreword by Anthony C. (2010). The encyclopedia of Middle East wars the United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq conflicts. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-85109-948-1.
  3. "Abu Abbas". The Daily Telegraph. 11 March 2004. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  4. Tobias, Binyamin; Bettini, Daniel (2 April 2018). "Italian magazine publishes Arafat's secret journals". Ynet News. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
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