Mountain Wolf Woman

Mountain Wolf Woman, or Xéhachiwinga (April 1, 1884 – November 9, 1960), was a Native American woman of the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) tribe[1] whose autobiography was one of the earliest firsthand accounts of the experience of a Native American woman.

Mountain Wolf Woman
Born(1884-04-01)April 1, 1884
East Fork River, Wisconsin, USA
DiedNovember 9, 1960(1960-11-09) (aged 76)
Black River Falls, Wisconsin, USA
NationalityHo-Chunk (Winnebago)
Other namesXéhachiwinga
Known forNative American autobiography

She was born in April 1884 into the Thunder Clan near Black River Falls, Wisconsin.[2] Her parents were Charles Blowsnake and Lucy Goodvillage. She was brought up in the traditional tribal religion; later, she converted to the Peyote religion (Native American Church) after her second marriage. Traditionally, brothers arranged their sisters’ marriages, but she did not like the man her brothers chose and, after the birth of her second child, she left him and later married a man of her own choosing.

Her autobiography was transcribed by Nancy Oestreich Lurie and translated in consultation with Frances Thundercloud Wentz.[3][4] At the time of the interviews for the book, she had eight children, 39 grandchildren, and 11 great-grandchildren. Mountain Wolf Woman was then an early full-length autobiography of an American Indian woman. She died at age 76, on November 9, 1960 at her home in Black River Falls, Wisconsin.[5][6]

References
  1. "Famous Native American Women - Mountain Wolf Woman" from Nativeamericanrhymes.com
  2. "Winnebago Woman's Story Told". Wisconsin State Journal. September 30, 1990. p. 5H. Retrieved September 18, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. Mountain Wolf Woman, Sister of Crashing Thunder,(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1961)
  4. "Life through Indian Eyes". Wisconsin State Journal. September 30, 1990. p. 1H. Retrieved September 18, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. Information for this article provided by Nancy Oestreich Lurie, November 2009.
  6. Wepman, Dennis. "Mountain Wolf Woman (1884-1960), Native American autobiographer". American National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1603572. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
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