Mormon fiction

Mormon fiction is fiction by or about members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, also called Mormons or Latter-day Saints (LDS).[1] Its history is commonly divided into four sections as first organized by Eugene England. During the first fifty years of the church's existence, 1830–1880, fiction was not popular, though Parley P. Pratt wrote a fictional Dialogue between Joseph Smith and the Devil. With the emergence of the novel and short stories as popular reading material, Orson F. Whitney called on fellow members to write inspirational stories. During the home literature movement, church-published magazines published many didactic stories and Nephi Anderson wrote the novel Added Upon. The generation of writers after the home literature movement produced fiction that was recognized nationally but was seen as rebelling against home literature's outward moralization. Vardis Fisher's Children of God and Maurine Whipple's The Giant Joshua were prominent novels from this time period. In the 1970s and 1980s, authors starting writing realistic fiction as faithful Mormons. Acclaimed examples include Levi S. Peterson's The Backslider and Linda Sillitoe's Sideways to the Sun. Home literature experienced a resurgence in popularity in the 1980s and 1990s when church-owned Deseret Book started to publish more fiction, including Gerald Lund's historical fiction series The Work and the Glory and Jack Weyland's novels.

Mormon authors are well-represented in various literary genres. A tradition of conforming to conventions and building communities may explain why Mormon authors are successful in genre fiction. Glenn Beck, Jason F. Wright, and Richard Paul Evans have written inspirational fiction featured on New York Times bestseller lists. Orson Scott Card, Stephenie Meyer, and Brandon Sanderson are award-winning popular authors of science fiction and fantasy novels. Shannon Hale, James Dashner, and Ally Condie are popular authors of young adult science fiction and fantasy. The Association for Mormon Letters and LDStorymakers support Mormon authors with awards and conferences. There have been some controversies over Mormon authors and their works. Brian Evenson resigned from his job at Brigham Young University (BYU) after controversy over his short story collection. In the past, Deseret Book has declined to sell books from popular authors because of their content. In 2013, Cedar Fort refused to sell a contracted book after one of the authors wanted to include a reference to his male partner in his author bio.

History
Parley P. Pratt

LDS fiction's history begins at the same time as the LDS Church. The history of LDS literature is generally divided into four periods, as organized by Eugene England in his article on the subject.[2]

Foundations, 1830–1880

Early written works among Mormons were generally non-fiction, including scripture, missionary tracts, and doctrinal literature. In 1844, Parley P. Pratt published what is commonly cited as the first work of LDS fiction, the didactic Dialogue between Joseph Smith and the Devil.[3] It was first published in the New York Herald. Early Mormon leaders like Brigham Young and George Q. Cannon condemned novels for wasting time, a rhetoric that persisted until the 1880s.[2]

Home literature, 1880–1930

Fiction among LDS Church members developed once the Mormons had settled in Utah and developed a degree of economic stability. In 1888, Orson F. Whitney called for an increase in "home literature," a "literature whose top shall touch heaven."[4]:173 He contributed his own poetry to the efforts. In response to Whitney's call, LDS periodicals published didactic stories.[2][4]:174 There was still resistance to the idea of reading fiction. In 1879, a church magazine called Contributor was started to encourage members to write. The third issue condemned fiction as unhealthy for the mind and did not publish it in early issues.[4]:174 Later, in 1889, B. H. Roberts wrote an essay for Contributor on how fiction had increased in scope and popularity, and published his own historical short fiction, "A Story of Zarahemla," in the periodical that year.[4]:175; 177 Woman's Exponent, founded in 1872 and Young Woman's Journal, starting in 1889, also published home literature. Relief Society Magazine started in 1915, with and entire department dedicated to "Arts and Literature."[4]:177–178

Nephi Anderson

The most successful work of LDS fiction in this period was the novel Added Upon (1898) by Nephi Anderson. Following a man and woman from their pre-earth life, through life on the earth and into the afterlife, Added Upon also served as a model plot for later LDS fictional works, such as the 1970s musical Saturday's Warrior by Lex de Azevedo.[2] Michael Austin noted in 1998 that Added Upon opened the door to fiction based on Mormon theology.[5] Josephine Spencer was another popular writer who Gean Clark called the "most versatile and skillful" of early Mormon writers.[6][7]

Brigham Young's daughter, Susa Young Gates published a fairly successful novel, John Stevens' Courtship (1909),[8] and B. H. Roberts wrote the novel Corianton, which Orestes Utah Bean plagiarized into a play and adapted into a movie.[9] The literary development in this period stimulated the development of the first professional LDS publishing company in 1866. Originally independent of the Church, George Q. Cannon and Sons is now part of Church-owned Deseret Book.[10]

The "lost" generation, 1930–1970

While this "home literature" has continued to be produced ever since, a new generation of LDS writers arose in the mid century, one that was able to be published nationally and gain national recognition, but generally at the expense of close ties to the Church and in rebellion against the moralism of "home literature," leading this generation to be called the "lost" generation.[2]

Vardis Fisher was born in Idaho and his parents were Mormon; he joined the LDS church briefly as an adult but did not identify as Mormon. Mormon characters are prominent in his early fiction. He won the Harper Prize in 1939 for Children of God (1939). Fisher's later fiction does not feature Mormon characters.[11]:55 In a 1976 paper, Leonard Arrington and his student John Haupt renewed interest in Fisher's Mormon heritage, arguing that he did not completely reject Mormonism.[12] Fisher's widow subsequently issued a press release stating that Fisher was not Mormon. A 2014 Dialogue essay by Michael Austin concluded that Fisher was definitely influenced by the religion he rejected.[13]

"Historical-regional" novels were prevalent during this era, which Karl Keller called the "best fiction to come out of the Church" and criticized it as a byproduct of "a history and lifestyle that has already been created."[14] In this genre of "provincial" novels, Samuel W. Taylor wrote the humorous Heaven Knows Why (1948).[2][15] Maurine Whipple won the Houghton Mifflin Literary Prize in 1938 and published The Giant Joshua (1941), which presented plural marriage as a test of faith similar to colonizing Utah's desert.[4]:289[11] In "Fifty Important Mormon Books," Curt Bench reported that Mormon scholars in 1990 unanimously chose The Giant Joshua as the best Mormon novel before 1980.[16] Virginia Sorensen is best known for A Little Lower Than the Angels (1942), which also addressed the emotional hardship of polygamy,[4]:292 and the acclaimed The Evening and the Morning (1949).[2] Her children's book, Miracles on Maple Hill (1957), won a Newbery Award.[11] Edward Geary wrote that Sorenson "perhaps realizes regionalist's ambivalence more completely than any other".[17]:97 Other notable writers from this period include Paul Bailey, Ardyth Kennelly Lorene Pearson, and Blanche Cannon.[14][17]:92–94 These "provincial" novels often feature a protagonist who belongs to her community, yet desires to leave. Another character, usually a man, is committed to community values and grows fanatical, opposing the protagonist. A third character, usually the child of the first two characters, leaves the community for a more individualistic life. Often a fourth character will take on the role of "liberating Gentile," an outsider who tempts characters to leave their community or violate its norms.[17]:92–94 In an analysis of the "lost" generation, Terryl Givens notes that the novels from this era were "too compliant with the voices of criticism and cynicism to produce an art fully worthy of its subject."[4]:297

Faithful Realism, 1960 to present

In the 1960s, Clinton F. Larsen developed poetry in a faithful modernist style, but it was not until the mid-1980s that novels emerged in this mode. [2] Starting in the 1970s. BYU professors Douglas Thayer and Donald R. Marshall began to write skillful stories that explored Mormon thought and culture in a critical but fundamentally affirmative way. Marshall published collections The Rummage Sale: Collections and Recollections (1972) and Frost in the Orchard (1977). Thayer began publishing stories in BYU Studies and Dialogue in the mid-1960s, and published his collection of short stories, Under the Cottonwoods, in 1977.[2] In 1974, Karl Keller praised Thayer for using "concrete, worldly symbols" to articulate his faith, but stated that his work did not go as far as creating a world where Mormon theology was "concretely true."[14] Keller called on authors to follow Flannery O'Conner's example and let religion be "the light by which [they] see" rather than a substitute for seeing.[14]

Levi S. Peterson, influenced by Thayer,[2] wrote The Backslider (1986), which Terryl Givens called the "standard for the contemporary Mormon novel".[4]:313 Common themes in Peterson's work are the conflict between justice and mercy and between religious and secular thought.[2] Eugene England hailed Linda Sillitoe's Sideways to the Sun (1987) as "the first good Mormon novel about 1980s Mormon life in Utah."[18] It features a typical Mormon housewife whose husband disappears, leading her to form a new, more independent identity.[18] Also in 1987, Orson Scott Card published Seventh Son, which England wrote "raises troubling questions about the supposedly sharp borderline between magic and religion."[18]:175

The "faithful realism" genre of LDS fiction refers to "challenging Mormon-themed fiction" written by Mormons for Mormons, and only represents a small part of LDS fiction.[11]:57 Other writers in this genre include Margaret Blair Young, Phyllis Barber, Marilyn Brown, and John Bennion.[19][11]:57 Richard Cracroft called Douglas Thayer's The Tree House (2010) the "best LDS literary novel of recent decades."[19] The Mormon missionary novel, a common Mormon Bildungsroman, commonly falls under the faithful realism or modern home literature genre; Michael Fillerup's Beyond the River and Alan Mitchell's Angel of the Danube (2000) fall on the faithful realism side of the spectrum.[4]:316–318 Faithful realist fiction has been anthologized by Levi Peterson in Greening Wheat: Fifteen Mormon Short Stories (1983), by Eugene England in Bright Angels and Familiars (1992), by Angela Hallstrom in Dispensation (2010), and by Robert Raleigh in In Our Lovely Deseret (1998).[11]:57–58[4]:298 In 2017, the Mormon blog By Common Consent started the By Common Consent Press, a volunteer, non-profit press.[20]

Mormon or formerly Mormon authors also write literary fiction for a general audience. Terry Tempest Williams's Refuge is commonly anthologized and taught in college classes. Works by Walter Kirn and Judith Freeman appeal to non-Mormon audiences and deal with Mormon issues.[11]:59

Mormon Folk Realism, 2000-present

In his dissertation on Mormon Literature, Scott Hales proposes that a new type of Mormon literature embraces ambiguity and is more concerned with the experience of Mormonism than its truth. It tends to blur genres and subvert expectations,[21]:266 and includes a range of literary styles.[21]:273 Hales attributes this shift to the way the LDS church has changed how it interacts with the public opinions of its members. In the early 1990s, several intellectuals were excommunicated in connection with their ideas and criticism of the church. Later, when church members began voicing opinions online on social media and in the Mormon blogosphere, communal criticism and doctrinal speculation became more common and unlikely to lead to ecclesiastical action.[21]:267–270 The New Mormon Fiction provides a place for readers to "explore the cultural upheaval that surrounds them."[21]:277 Hales and William Morris have since suggested that this type of literature be called "Mormon Folk Realism."[22][23] Hales lists the work of several authors as falling under this category, including Arianne Cope's The Coming of Elijah (2006), Coke Newell's On the Road to Heaven (2007), Todd Robert Peterson's Family History (2007), Brady Udall's The Lonely Polygamist (2010), and Steven L. Peck's The Scholar of Moab (2011).[21]:272

Modern home literature, 1980-present

Authors produced a new "home literature" of uplifting literature marketed to Mormon audiences and usually published by Deseret Book.[11]:59 Popular authors in the 1980s included Jack Weyland and Blaine M. Yorgason. In the 1990s, Deseret Book, Bookcraft, and Covenant Communications, publishers targeting the LDS market, started selling more works of fiction. Other small publishers also started publishing fiction for the LDS market. Deseret Book published The Work and the Glory historical fiction series by Gerald Lund.[24] The popular nine-volume series sold over two million copies.[11]:59 Dean Hughes is known for the series Children of the Promise set in World War II, and Hearts of the Fathers, which follows the same family into the 1960s. Tennis Shoes Among the Nephites, a series about people transported into scriptural times, was also published in the 1990s. Anita Stansfield's Mormon romance, First Love and Forever (1994), sold over 40,000 copies and paved the way for similar novels,[25] such as those by Susan Evans McCloud, Rachel Nunes, and Jennie Hansen.[24]

In a 2010 essay examining how LDS fiction has changed since the 1990s, Jennie Hansen wrote that the writing improved over time and LDS publishers stopped requiring an explicit LDS connection. Hansen also noted that some publishers cut corners on editing and "do not always adhere to LDS standards."[24] In 2006, Deseret Book stopped selling books to Seagull Book; Deseret Book's books accounted for about half of Seagull Book's book sales.[26] Later that year, Deseret Book purchased Seagull Book and Covenant Communications, which greatly reduced Deseret Book's competition.[27][28]

Genre fiction

LDS authors' success in genre fiction is perhaps because, as Rosalynde Welch argues, "Mormon culture values superior performance of shared forms over the originality of invention."[29] She notes that the communities Mormons foster in their families and wards is duplicated in the way authors understand genre communities.[29] Building on Welch's work, Jana Riess argues that LDS authors are adept at conforming to genre expectations, and that the way they form and interact with their reading and writing communities contributes to their success.[30] At Times and Seasons, Nathaniel Givens states that Mormonism's lack of "official" theology or creeds leads members to a culture of "amateur theology." This culture leads to theories that make good science fiction stories.[31]

In a New York Times article, Shannon Hale theorized that LDS authors are drawn to genre fiction because they prefer happy endings to bleak or tragic stories. Hale also noted that strong writing communities for LDS authors in children's and YA genres draw budding authors to those genres. In the same article, Rachel Nunes explained that since many LDS authors prefer not to include sexual content, they often write in the young adult genre, where avoiding sexual content is less conspicuous.[32] In response to these arguments, Leah Libresco points out that Ender's Game didn't shy away from violent content, and also that sexual content seems like a requirement for YA novels, with tamer books being relegated to the children's section.[33]

Inspirational fiction

LDS radio host Glenn Beck co-authored The Christmas Sweater, which was a number one New York Times bestseller in 2008. Jason F. Wright co-authored The Christmas Sweater with Beck; he also wrote The Wednesday Letters and The Christmas Jars, both New York Times bestsellers. [34][35][36] Richard Paul Evans's The Christmas Box was a number one New York Times bestseller.[34] Evans has written 30 other novels in romance, action, and fantasy genres, and each novel spent some time on the New York Times bestseller list.[37][38]

Science fiction and fantasy
Orson Scott Card
Stephenie Meyer

LDS authors are well-represented among successful science fiction and fantasy authors. Orson Scott Card was the first prominent LDS science fiction writer.[39] He earned Hugo and Nebula Awards in 1986 and 1987 for his books Ender's Game and Speaker for the Dead.[2] Also in the 1980s, Tracy Hickman helped to develop the gaming fiction genre, writing adventure models connected to TSR's Advanced Dungeons and Dragons and co-authoring Dragonlance novels with Margaret Weis.[40] Stephenie Meyer, known for writing the Twilight series, wrote The Host, which was a New York Times bestseller for over a year.[39] Brandon Sanderson, writer of epic fantasy, is another LDS author of New York Times bestsellers, including The Stormlight Archive.[41] Sanderson has also written YA fantasy, including The Reckoners series of urban fantasy.[42] Zenna Henderson, popular in the 1960s for her stories about "The People," was raised in an LDS family.[39] According to Terryl Givens, science fiction works by Mormons commonly explore ideas "at the margins of conventional thinking," like life on other planets and apotheosis.[4]:320 According to Preston Hunter at adherents.com, a quarter of novels that won Hugo or Nebula awards had an LDS author or references to Latter-day Saints and Utah.[43]

Children's and YA fiction

In 2014, Utah had more nationally recognized children's book writers and illustrators per capita than any other state.[44] Rick Walton, a prolific author of children's books, helped to foster a community of children's book authors in Utah by leading critique groups and hosting a listserv for authors to meet and support each other.[45] The invitation-only group started as a listserv in 2001, and in 2014 held monthly meetings.[44] Walton, Carol Lynch Williams, and Cheri Earl planned the Writing and Illustrating for Young Readers annual conference starting in 2000.[45]

LDS authors of young adult novels frequently write in fantasy or science fiction genres. Shannon Hale won the 2006 Newbery Award for her middle-grade fantasy novel Princess Academy. Brandon Mull, Aprilynne Pike, Jessica Day George, and Kiersten White are also prominent writers of middle grade and YA fantasy.[39][46] James Dashner and Ally Condie have written popular dystopian YA novels.[46] Robert Farrell Smith wrote the Leven Thumps series under the pseudonym Obert Skye.[19]

Associations and awards

In 1976, the Association for Mormon Letters (AML) held its first annual symposium. The association created an e-mail forum, AML-list, in 1995, and a started the blog "The Dawning of a Brighter Day" in 2009.[11] The group has given annual awards since 1977.[47] The Mormon writers group, LDStorymakers, starting from a listserv made by Rachel Nunes, has held an annual conference since 2004. Robison Wells founded the Whitney Awards in 2007 as an autonomous subsidiary of LDStorymakers.[48][11]:49–50 The science fiction and fantasy conference Life, the Universe, & Everything, held annually in Provo, Utah, often highlights LDS authors.[11]:72 BYU publishes the student-run science fiction and fantasy magazine Leading Edge.[4]:320

Starting in 1998, the AML began presenting an award to the best unpublished novel manuscript of the regional culture.[4]:273 In 2000 it changed to the Marilyn Brown Novel Award, administered by the UVU English Department,[49]. After 2011, the award was changed to a scholarship with a creative writing component.[50][51]

Controversies about LDS fiction

While a new professor of creative writing at Brigham Young University (BYU), Brian Evenson published a short story collection, Altmann's Tongue.[52] A graduate student complained anonymously to church leaders that the work promoted the "enjoyment" of violence, while Evenson argued that his fiction accentuated violence to show its horror and "thus allow it to be condemned."[52] A senior faculty member advised Evanson not to publish similar works in the future.[53] Evenson resigned from BYU in 1995, and left the church formally in 2000.[52]

Deseret Book has refused to sell books from successful LDS authors because of implied adultery,[54] premarital sex,[55] and offensive language.[56]

In 2013, Cedar Fort Publishing's imprint, Sweetwater Books, deleted gay author Michael Jensen's reference to his partner in his cover bio. Jensen requested that his bio reference his partner, and Lyle Mortimer threatened to publish the book without giving authors credit for their work. Sebsequently, Cedar Fort released the writers from their contract and did not publish the book. [57] In response to Cedar Fort's decision, over 40 Mormon authors signed a letter requesting that publishers make their publishing decisions based on a book's content.[58]

Publishers specializing in the field

Presses issuing LDS fiction include:[59][60]

  • Covenant Communications
  • Deseret Book
  • Zarahemla Books
  • Signature Books
  • Cedar Fort press
  • BCC Press
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See also

Notes
  1. "About Literature". Mormon Literature & Creative Arts Database. Harold B. Lee Library.
  2. England, Eugene (1995). "Mormon Literature: Progress and Prospects". In Whittaker, David J. (ed.). Mormon Americana: A Guide to Sources and Collections in the United States. Provo, Utah: BYU Studies. ISBN 0842523154.
  3. Parley P. Pratt. Dialogue between Joseph Smith and the Devil Archived 2004-09-05 at the Wayback Machine. 1844.
  4. Givens, Terryl C. (2007). People of paradox : a history of Mormon culture. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195167112.
  5. Austin, Michael (December 1998). "Critical Matters: Mormon Home Literature" (PDF). Sunstone. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  6. "Josephine Spencer". mormonarts.lib.byu.edu. Mormon Literature & Creative Arts Database. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  7. Turley, Kylie Nielson (2001). ""Untrumpeted and Unseen": Josephine Spencer, Mormon "Authoress"". Journal of Mormon History. 27 (1): 149. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  8. Hales, Scott (12 January 2013). "Notes on Susa Young Gates' John Stevens' Courtship". A Motley Vision.
  9. Parshall, Ardis E. ""Corianton": Genealogy of a Mormon Phenomenon". Keepapitchinin, the Mormon History blog. Keepapitchinin.
  10. "About - Deseret Book". Deseret Book. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  11. Austin, Michael (2015). "The Brief History and Perpetually Exciting Future of Mormon Literary Studies" (PDF). Mormon Studies Review. 2. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  12. Arrington, Leonard; Haupt, John (1977). "The Mormon Heritage of Vardis Fisher". BYU Studies. 18 (1): 28.
  13. Austin, Michael (2014). "Vardis Fisher's Mormon Scars: Mapping the Diaspora in the Testament of Man" (PDF). Dialogue. 47 (3): 3, 18. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  14. Keller, Karl (Winter 1974). "The Example of Flannery O'Conner" (PDF). Dialogue. 9 (4). Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  15. Bailey, S.P. (July 16, 2006). "Mormon Lit: Who Was Samuel W. Taylor?". A Motley Vision. Retrieved 2010-03-16.
  16. Bench, Curt (October 1990). "Fifty Important Mormon Books" (PDF). Sunstone.
  17. Geary, Edward A. (1977). "Mormondom's lost generation: the novelists of the 1940s". BYU Studies. 18 (1). Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  18. England, Eugene (1995). "Beyond "Jack Fiction": Recent Achievement in the Mormon Novel". In England, Eugene; Anderson, Lavina Fielding (eds.). Tending the garden: essays on Mormon literature. Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books. ISBN 1560850191.
  19. Cracroft, Richard (2011). "Literature, Mormon Writers of". The Encyclopedia of Mormonism.
  20. Reiss, Jana (11 April 2017). "New Mormon publishing house aims to 'reach people who feel they don't have a place' - Religion News ServiceReligion News Service". religionnews.com. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  21. Hales, Scott (26 March 2014). Of Many Hearts and Many Minds: The Mormon Novel and the Post-Utopian Challenge of Assimilation (dissertation). University of Cincinnati. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  22. Hales, Scott (9 May 2018). "Scott Hales on Twitter". Twitter.
  23. Morris, William (19 December 2008). "Wm". A Motley Vision. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  24. Hansen, Jennie (17 September 2010). "Where is LDS Fiction Going?". LDS Magazine. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  25. Andrus, Elyssa (8 February 2003). "LDS novelists romance the fiction market". Daily Herald. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  26. "Seagull Book No Longer Allowed to Sell Deseret Book Products | KSL.com". 12 July 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  27. "Deseret Book Buys Seagull and Covenant Communications". KSL. 28 December 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  28. Larsen, Kent (29 December 2006). "Bad Move, Deseret Book!". A Motley Vision. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  29. Welch, Rosalynde. "Oxymormon: LDS Literary Fiction and the Problem of Genre". www.patheos.com. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  30. Riess, Jana. "Mormon authors take center stage with YA fiction - Religion News ServiceReligion News Service". religionnews.com. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  31. Givens, Nathaniel (29 April 2013). "Another Post about Mormons and Science Fiction". Times & Seasons. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  32. Oppenheimer, Mark (9 November 2010). "Mormons Offer Cautionary Lesson on Sunny Outlook vs. Literary Greatness". New York Times. Academic OneFile. p. A15(L). Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  33. Libresco, Leah (11 November 2013). "Mormons, Genre Fiction, and (No) Full Frontal Snogging". Unequally Yoked. Patheos. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  34. Boyd, Hal. "LDS authors who hit No.1 on New York Times | Deseret News". DeseretNews.com. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  35. "Hardcover Fiction". The New York Times. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
  36. Mann, Court. "'Christmas Jars' author Jason Wright discusses new special edition of true stories". Daily Herald. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  37. "Richard Paul Evans". Simon & Schuster. Simon & Schuster.
  38. "Richard Paul Evans Book List - FictionDB". www.fictiondb.com. The Riviera Group. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  39. Morris, Katherine; Dalton-Woodbury, Kathleen (December 2010). ""Is It Something in the Water?" Why Mormons Write Science Fiction and Fantasy — Mormon Artist". mormonartist.net.
  40. "Achievement Award Winners – The Whitney Awards". whitneyawards.com. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  41. Jennings, Dana (16 April 2014). "After Years of Writing, an Author's Own Epic Fantasy Comes True". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  42. "Brandon Sanderson's Steelheart Debuts at #1 on the New York Times Bestseller List". Tor.com. Tor. 2 October 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  43. Hunter, Preston. Latter-day Saint Demographics/LDS Statistics/ Mormon statistics.
  44. Kirch, Claire (23 September 2014). "Utah's Children's Authors Build a Community". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  45. Piper, Rachel (13 January 2016). "Utah children's authors credit publishing boom not to Mormonism but to one man's insistence they never quit". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  46. Jensen, Karen. "#FSYALit: Mormon Representation in YA Lit, a guest post by Sam Taylor — @TLT16 Teen Librarian Toolbox". www.teenlibrariantoolbox.com. School Library Journal. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  47. "AML Awards". Dawning of a Brighter Day. Association for Mormon Letters.
  48. "About". ldstorymakers.com. LDStorymakers. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  49. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2011-09-16.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  50. "Marilyn & Bill Brown Endowed Writing Scholarship - Utah Valley University Scholarships". uvu.academicworks.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  51. "Scholarships". www.uvu.edu. Utah Valley University.
  52. Young, Adrian Van (10 February 2016). "The Dark Fiction of an Ex-Mormon Writer". The New Yorker. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  53. Pratt, Linda Ray; Heywood, C. William. "Academic Freedom and Tenure: Brigham Young University" (PDF). AAUP. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2017.
  54. Lythgoe, Dennis (14 November 2002). "Deseret Book says no to LDS author". DeseretNews.com. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  55. Nelson, Nick (1 March 2004). "Stansfield's recent book rejected for explicitness - The Daily Universe". The Daily Universe. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  56. Fulton, Ben (10 December 2010). "Deseret Book won't carry Utah author's latest novel". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  57. Piper, Matthew (22 August 2013). "Author says Utah publisher refused to include gay partner in bio". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  58. Piper, Matthew (26 August 2013). "Mormon authors back gay writer in squabble with Cedar Fort". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  59. Wadley, Carma (2004-06-25). "Novel ideas". Deseret News. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
  60. "An industry that began more than 150 years ago, 'Mormon literature helps us figure out what it means to be Mormon' | LDS Guide 2017: The Mormon Market". heraldextra.com. Retrieved 2017-09-25.
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