Short-tailed opossum

Monodelphis is a genus of marsupials in the family Didelphidae, commonly referred to as short-tailed opossums. They are found throughout South America. As of January 2019, the most recently described species is M. vossi (Pavan 2019).

Short-tailed opossums
Gray short-tailed opossum
Monodelphis domestica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Didelphimorphia
Family: Didelphidae
Tribe: Marmosini
Genus: Monodelphis
Burnett, 1830
Type species
Monodelphis brachyura
Burnett, 1830
Species

see text

Species
Cladogram of living Monodelphis[1][2]
 
 
Pyrodelphys
 

M. emiliae

 
 
Microdelphys
 
 

M. scalops

 
 

M. theresa

 
 
 
 
 

M. dimidiata

 
 

M. sorex

 
 
 
 

M. gardneri

 
 
 

M. iheringi

 
 
 

M. americana

 
 

M. umbristriata

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mygalodelphys
 

M. kunsi

 
 
 

M. reigi

 
 
 
 

M. adusta

 
 

M. peruviana

 
 
 
 

M. handleyi

 
 

M. osgoodi

 
 
 
 
 
Monodelphis
 
 

M. domestica

 
 
 

M. glirina

 
 

M. sanctaerosae

 
 
 
 
 

M. arlindoi

 
 
 

M. alstoni

 
 
 

M. touan

 
 
 

M. brevicaudata

 
 

M. palliolata

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Speciation is based on fur coloration with additional details coming from differences in the skull and teeth.[4]

Conservation status

M. sorex and M. rubida are considered to be endangered.

Reproductive development

The genus Monodelphis is marsupial; they are born under-developed and then mature further in the mother's pouch. In Monodelphis, the young first come off the teat in 12 days, whereas this occurs at 48 days in the related genus Didelphis. Most of the events in this process occur about 2–4 weeks later in Didelphis than in Monodelphis. This may be related to the shorter longevity of the species of Monodelphis compared to other marsupials who nurse for a longer period.[5] M. dimidiata is unusual in that it is a semelparous species, something rarely seen in mammals, being found predominately in smaller didelphids and dasyurids.

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References
  1. Upham, Nathan S.; Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Jetz, Walter (2019). "Inferring the mammal tree: Species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution and conservation". PLoS Biol. 17 (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000494.
  2. Amador, Lucila I.; Giannini, Norberto P. (2016). "Phylogeny and evolution of body mass in didelphid marsupials (Marsupialia: Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae)". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 16 (3): 641–657. doi:10.1007/s13127-015-0259-x.
  3. Pavan, Sylvia E. (January 2019). "A revision of the Monodelphis glirina group (Didelphidae: Marmosini), with a description of a new species from Roraima, Brazil". Journal of Mammalogy. 100 (1): 103–117. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy165.
  4. Solari, Sergio. A Molecular Perspective on the Diversification of Short-Tailed Opossums (Monodelphis: Didelphidae). Mastozoología Neotropica 17.2 (2010): 317-33. Scientific Electronic Library Online.
  5. Smith, K.K., "Comparative Rates of Development in Monodelphis and Didelphis”, Science, 31 January 1997: 275 no. 5300 pp. 683-684 DOI: 10.1126/science.275.5300.683.
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