Molly Melching

Molly Melching is the founder and Creative Director of Tostan (meaning "breakthrough" in the Wolof language), a non-governmental organization (NGO) headquartered in Dakar, Senegal[1] whose mission it is to empower African communities to bring about sustainable development and positive social transformation based on respect of human rights.[2] Tostan and Melching have gained international notice for their work with partner communities to encourage the abandonment of female genital cutting and child/forced marriage in Senegal, and other countries across West and East Africa.

Molly Melching in 2007 on the 10th anniversary of the abandonment of FGM by Malicounda Bambara, Senegal

Melching's expertise is in developing educational materials for use at the community level in Africa, and she helped create the Tostan Community Empowerment Program (CEP). Melching's work along with that of Senegalese communities has also contributed to several innovative community development and communication techniques including the model of organized diffusion[3] of information and the use of the public declaration for the abandonment of FGC and child/forced marriage.[4]

To date, many international films, radio programs, newspaper and magazine articles have been produced on Tostan, the Community Empowerment Program, and Molly herself.

Early Work in Senegal

While a student at the University of Dakar in 1974, Molly developed an interest in working with children. She wrote an illustrated children’s book, Anniko, which was published by the New African Editions (NEA). In November 1976, she joined the Peace Corps on an individual placement to continue developing and publishing books for Senegalese children tailored to their culture and environment. To accomplish this, Molly created the "Demb ak Tey" (Yesterday and Today) Center, which opened in the African Cultural Center, and served street children in the most populated area of Dakar, the Medina. Using songs, stories, proverbs, theater and other oral African traditions, Molly and her Senegalese team promoted children's literature pertaining to West African culture. Seeing the popularity of traditional African stories and their potential as a vehicle for education, Molly began a weekly radio program in Wolof, a major national language of Senegal. By including messages on health and the environment, the radio program reached thousands of families with relevant information for improving their lives.

In 1982, Molly was awarded a grant from the Spencer Foundation to continue her activities, which encouraged her to remain in Senegal. She moved the children's center to the village of Saam Njaay in the region of Thiès. In collaboration with community members and with funding from USAID, she and her Senegalese team developed a basic, nonformal education program for rural populations based on their traditions and culture.

Molly began collaborating with UNICEF Senegal in 1988 to improve and expand this nonformal education program to other languages and regions of Senegal. Molly focused on women’s distinctive need for literacy training and other kinds of basic education. With UNICEF’s support, the program was extended to thousands of women throughout the country and was also adapted for at-risk, out-of-school adolescents using a basic life skills approach.

Years at Tostan

In 1991, Molly took the collective lessons and pedagogies developed in Saam Njaay and created a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, Tostan. Tostan's centerpiece is the program Molly and others developed in Saam Njaay, Senegal: The Community Empowerment Program (CEP) is targeted at both adult and adolescent learners, and is always delivered in local languages. The nonformal education approach is based on human rights, and is divided into two modules: the Kobi (meaning "to till the soil"), covering democracy, human rights, problem-solving skills, health and hygiene; and the Aawde (meaning "to plant the seed"), covering local language literacy, small enterprise development, and mathematics.

Over the years, the CEP has continued to evolve. Recent additions have been integrated into the CEP, including the Reinforcement of Parental Practices module,[5] which works with parents to stimulate early childhood development and better prepare children for school, and the Peace and Security project,[6] which seeks to establish links between community-led initiatives promoting peace, and regional policy makers.

Tostan participants have begun health and hygiene improvement projects leading to the reduction of maternal and infant mortality rates. They have reduced violence against women; dramatically increased rates of vaccinations and pre- and post-natal consultation; and led campaigns to enroll girls in school and register thousands of children who had no official birth certificates. They have even begun implementing income generating activities. Women now participate in decision-making processes and are emerging as leaders.

On July 31, 1997, one group of Tostan participants from the village of Malicounda Bambara decided to abandon the ancient practice of female genital cutting (FGC) in their community. Their decision was motivated by the understanding that FGC is harmful to the health of girls and women, violates their human rights, and is not in accordance with their religious and cultural values. As of November 2016, over 7,700 communities in the countries Tostan works have publicly declared their abandonment of FGC and child/forced marriage, including 23 villages in Burkina Faso in partnership with the NGO Mwangaza Action.[7] FGC continues to be practiced in 28 countries of Africa and is required in many ethnic groups for girls to marry and become respected members of the community.

Distinctions and Recognition

In 1995, UNESCO chose Tostan as one of the most innovative education programs throughout the world and published a brochure on the Tostan experience. In 1997, Ms. Hillary Clinton, wife of then President Bill Clinton, visited a Tostan village and in 1998, both Hillary and The President paid a special visit to the Tostan program. In 1999, Molly Melching was awarded the University of Illinois Alumni Humanitarian Prize and in 2002, the Sargent Shriver Distinguished Award for Humanitarian Service at the 40th Celebration of the Peace Corps.

In October 2003, World Health Organization chose Tostan’s education approach as a “Best Practice Model” for community development and ending FGC, calling for further replication and dissemination of the model to other African nations. In 2005, Tostan won the Anna Lindh Prize for Human Rights, and in 2007 Tostan won two awards: the UNESCO King Sejong Prize for Literacy, and the Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize, the largest humanitarian prize in the world. In 2010, Tostan was recognized by the Skoll Foundation with the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship. In 2012, Tostan received an ‘Award in Action’ by the Cécilia Attias Foundation for Women, recognizing their work in improving health systems and maternal care at a community level. Molly Melching was presented with a ‘Women of Impact’ award at the 4th Annual Women in the World Summit in 2013.

In 2015, Molly received--on behalf of Tostan--the Thomas J Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights,[8] along with President Bill Clinton. Melching was awarded the Jury Special Prix in Individual Philanthropy from the BNP Paribas Foundation,[9] and the 2015 University of Illinois Humanitarian Award.[10]

Molly Melching has also fought against forced marriage, girls circumcision and child marriage in West Africa. for her services she was awarded "World's Children's Honorary Award"[11]

However Long the Night

A book about Molly Melching’s work, However Long the Night: Molly Melching’s Journey to Help Millions of African Women and Girls Triumph, was written by Aimee Molloy and published on April 30, 2013. The book shares Molly’s personal experiences that brought her to Africa nearly 40 years ago, the inspiring people she has met along the way, and why she decided to stay. It also recounts Tostan’s founding and the community-led movement for transformative social change being seen in Africa.

gollark: I found out with my RTL-SDR a while ago that the local authorities appear to use unencrypted *pager* communications for somewhat sensitive-looking stuff. I hope that's being phased out.
gollark: You can pick up broadcast FM radio on basically any remotely okay antenna, at least.
gollark: Wild guess: pulsing it really fast? No idea if that's possible.
gollark: There's a new standard for 12V-only PSUs too.
gollark: <https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/118141/high-frequency-blinking-leds-and-sensor-for-that> says that they probably can.

References
  1. E Martin, Courtney (23 April 2016). "Western do-gooders need to resist the allure of 'exotic problems'". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  2. Reaves, Jessica (November 25, 2007). "Walking away from the past; How does an outsider change a culture? From the inside, says activist Molly Melching". Chicago Tribune. p. 12. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2016-11-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. Brownell Mitic, Ginanne (20 July 2016). "Molly Melching: 'Maybe It Was Supposed to Be?'". New York: The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
  5. http://tostan.org/program/reinforcement-parental-practices-module
  6. http://tostan.org/program/peace-and-security-project
  7. http://www.mwangaza-action.org/
  8. http://thedoddcenter.uconn.edu/dodd-prize/2015-dodd-prize/
  9. http://www.bnpparibas.com/en/news/2014-and-2015-bnp-paribas-prizes-individual-philanthropy
  10. http://illinois.edu/lb/article/4799/90316
  11. Child rights heroine: Molly Melching
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