Miniature cattle

Miniature cattle are found in various parts of the world. Some, such as the Dexter of Ireland and the Vechur of Kerala, India, are traditional breeds; others have been recently created by selective breeding. The Australian Lowline was the unexpected result of a scientific experiment.[1]^:3 Some, but not all, miniature breeds display achondroplasia, or dwarfism.[2]^:xxvi

Compared to larger cattle, miniature cattle require less space and less feed,[3] and may be easier to handle.[4] They do less damage to pasture land, do not need such high or strong fencing,[5] and do not produce as much methane.[3]

Breeds

Breed	Origin	Height/weight
Australian Lowline	derived from Aberdeen Angus in Australia[6]	Males: 110 cm Females: 100 cm
Dexter	traditional Irish breed	92–107 cm[7]
Kasagarod	traditional breed, Kerala, India	80–90 cm[2]^:322
Lagune or Dahomey	Benin, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Togo	Males: 100 cm Females: 80 cm[8]
Miniature Zebu	modern breed register, United States	Males: 182–272 kg Females: 136–227 kg Maximum height: 107 cm[2]^:245
Minivaca (also Bonsai Brahman, Bonsai Zebu)	Mexico, derived from Indu-Brasil[2]^:205	Males: 200–220 kg Females: 150–160 kg Smallest examples 140 kg/60 cm[2]^:205
Niata	Uruguay, Argentina; now extinct[2]^:xxvi
Somba	Benin, Togo	Males: 110 cm Females: 85 cm[9]
Punganur	Andhra Pradesh, India	Males: 107 cm, 240 kg Females: 97 cm, 170 kg[10]
Vechur	traditional breed, Kerala, India[2]^:xxvi

An American breeder, Richard Gradwohl, has developed eighteen different strains of miniature cattle.[3] Miniature Galloway, Hereford and Holstein have been bred.[2]^:245[3] In the United States, small zebuine cattle deriving from stock imported from Brazil, the Dominican Republic and Sweden may be registered as "Miniature Zebu";[2]^:245 in Australia, similar cattle may be known as "Nadudana". In the United States, Jersey cattle of the original island type may be known as "Miniature Jersey"; Jersey cows stand about 115–120 cm and weigh some 350 kg.[2]^:212

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References

David Barnett (1998). History of Lowlines. In: Foundation Herd Book. Armidale, New South Wales: Australian Lowline Cattle Association.
Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
Rebecca Seal (25 July 2010). Why mini cows could save the planet. The Guardian. Accessed February 2017.
[Associated Press] (4 January 2006). Miniature Cattle Breed Interest. Los Angeles Times. Accessed February 2017.
Australian Lowline Cattle: A Rare Breed of Australian Origin. Rare Breeds Conservation Society of New Zealand. Accessed February 2017.
Breed data sheet: Lowline/Australia. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.
Breed data sheet: Dexter/Ireland. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.
Breed data sheet: Lagune/Benin. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.
Breed data sheet: Somba/Benin. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.
Breed data sheet: India: Cattle: Punganur. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2019.

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[dave-1] David Barnett (1998). History of Lowlines. In: Foundation Herd Book. Armidale, New South Wales: Australian Lowline Cattle Association.

[cabi-2] Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.

[guard-3] Rebecca Seal (25 July 2010). Why mini cows could save the planet. The Guardian. Accessed February 2017.

[lat-4] [Associated Press] (4 January 2006). Miniature Cattle Breed Interest. Los Angeles Times. Accessed February 2017.

[nz-5] Australian Lowline Cattle: A Rare Breed of Australian Origin. Rare Breeds Conservation Society of New Zealand. Accessed February 2017.

[dad2-6] Breed data sheet: Lowline/Australia. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.

[dad-7] Breed data sheet: Dexter/Ireland. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.

[dad4-8] Breed data sheet: Lagune/Benin. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.

[dad3-9] Breed data sheet: Somba/Benin. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2017.

[dad5-10] Breed data sheet: India: Cattle: Punganur. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2019.