Milton Rubenfeld
Milton "Milt" Rubenfeld (September 13, 1919 – February 21, 2004) was a pilot who flew for the Royal Air Force and U.S. Army during World War II, later becoming one of the five founding pilots of the Israeli Air Force in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It is widely believed that Rubenfeld, the other four volunteer pilots, and the other machalniks changed the course of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. He was injured and returned to the United States, and settled in New York state, where he married and owned a local business with his wife, Judy. Later, he moved his family to Sarasota, Florida, where he and his wife owned another successful business until he retired. He died in 2004. He was the father of actor/comedian Paul Reubens, who is known for creating and portraying the character Pee-wee Herman.
Milton Rubenfeld | |
|---|---|
 Rubenfeld as a member of the USAAF in 1942 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Ruby", Milt, "Cy" |
| Born | September 13, 1919 Peekskill, New York, U.S. |
| Died | February 21, 2004 (aged 84) Sarasota, Florida, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/ |    |
| Years of service | 1942–1948 |
| Rank | Flight Officer |
| Awards | World War II Victory Medal |
| Spouse(s) | Judy (Rosen) Rubenfeld |
| Relations | Paul Reubens, son Abby Rubenfeld, daughter Luke Rubenfeld, son |
Early life
Rubenfeld was born in Peekskill, the fourth of six children of Jewish parents, Gussie (Yormark) and Louis Rubenfeld.[1] Rubenfeld was an Eagle Scout, a student in New York University and the University of New Mexico (where he also hunted rattlesnakes),[2] and taught aerobatics.[3]
When World War II broke out in Europe, he wanted to fly combat missions; however, the United States was not yet in the war.[2] Rubenfeld decided to fly with the Royal Air Force in England, with the 420 Squadron.[3] When the United States declared war on Germany, Rubenfeld signed on as a pilot with the U.S. Army.[2]
Flying for Israel
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In February 1948, the Haganah set up an agency in the United States headed by Hyman Shechtman (later, Shamir) assisted by Al Schwimmer, to recruit U.S. combat air veterans, both aircrew and ground crew, for the Haganah's "Air Service".[5] Knowing of Rubenfeld's combat experience, Shamir approached Rubenfeld in early 1948 and asked him if he wanted to fly for the new state of Israel, and Rubenfeld — "a small, swarthy former USAF pilot, so cocky he seemed to swagger even while sitting down"[6]—agreed.[3]
In early 1948, Rubenfeld flew transport planes on a few missions to and from Israel, until early May, when he reported to České Budějovice, in Czechoslovakia, where he and the other pilots began training on the Avia S-199, a Czech airplane roughly based on the German Messerschmitt Bf 109.[3] After evaluating the results of that training, it became clear to the Israeli instructors that only those pilots with previous combat pilot experience—Milt Rubenfeld, Modi Alon, Ezer Weizman, Lou Lenart, and Eddie Cohen—were going to be able to fly the Avia S-199, at least initially.[7] (Rubenfeld and Lenart were the two U.S. citizens in this group.) These five pilots finished the course in Czechoslovakia and, on May 20, 1948, reported to their base in Ekron Air Base (now Tel Nof Airbase) in Israel.[3] As of Israel's independence day—May 14, 1948—these five pilots (and four S-199's) constituted the entire Israeli Air Force.
The existence of the tiny air force had been kept secret from the Arab forces that had entered Israel after its Independence Day. Israel's leaders knew that the first time they launched the four airplanes (and made their presence known), their targets had to be critical. The plan initially was to attack a squadron of Egyption Spitfires and Dakotas at El Arish, a base on the northern coast of the Sinai.[4] That order was changed "at the last minute" due to the increasing danger of a direct ground attack on Tel Aviv. The four fighters were ordered to bomb and strafe the Egyptian armored column that was advancing towards Tel Aviv.[6]:31
Since there were five pilots and only four airplanes, one pilot had to remain behind for that first mission on May 29, 1948: that was Milt Rubenfeld. However, his turn would come the following day.
They lost one pilot on that first mission: South African Eddie Cohen. It wasn't known whether he was shot down or had technical difficulties.[4]:61
Also on that mission, Lenart's and Weizman's cannons had both jammed.[8] In fact, there were many inherent design and performance defects with the Avia S-199, including a defect that rendered the cowl guns unsynchronized with the propeller, causing bullet damage to the propeller (which the first group of pilots luckily did not experience).[7]:46 The S-199 also had a tendency to ground loop, which Modi Alon's airplane did upon landing, rendering it unflyable for a time.[4]:62 Weizman later commented that the main problem with the S-199 was "the stress on the pilot. So much went wrong with the aircraft, it was nerve-wracking just climbing into one."[7]:78
Rubenfeld's opinion of the Avia S-199, expressed in an interview nearly fifty years later: "It wasn't a very nice airplane."[3]
However, the first mission on 5/29/1948 was not a failure. The commander of the Egyptian ground forces was evidently shaken by the unexpected encounter with Israeli fighters: he ordered his troops to hold their position and advised Cairo that he was not advancing toward Tel Aviv. "It was as close as the Egyptians would ever come to Tel Aviv. With one raid, the air force had potentially altered the course of the war."[8]:131
Rubenfeld Mission, 30 May 1948
To keep up the pressure on the Arab forces, the second sortie launched approximately 12 hours after the first mission returned.[3] At 0530 on May 30, 1948, Milt Rubenfeld (Red 2) and Ezer Weizman (Red 1) launched in the only two remaining airworthy airplanes. Their mission was to attack positions around Tulkarm, on the eastern front.
Rubenfeld was debriefed on his return. The notes of the person who debriefed him were saved by the Israeli Defense Force (see sidebar)[7]:20
After Rubenfeld's fighter was hit, he managed to fly it to Israeli territory, bailing out at 1200 feet over the Mediterranean Sea near the moshav of Kfar Vitkin. His parachute did not fully open before he hit the water several miles offshore, and he suffered three broken ribs, several cuts, and an injury to his groin.[3] He began to swim to shore, but gave up after "a couple of hours". He stood up, "and the water was only up to my knees. I'd been swimming for hours in water I could have stood up in at anytime. I didn't realize it because I was so far out. The farmers .... were shooting at me as I was coming in out of the water. They thought I was an Arab pilot."[3]
The problem for Rubenfeld was that the Israeli Air Force had not only been a secret to the Egyptians—it had also been a secret to Israeli citizens. Thus, the moshavniks of Kfar Vitkin assumed that Rubenfeld was an Arab pilot. Rubenfeld knew no Hebrew, and knew very little Yiddish, so in order to convince them he was Jewish, he reportedly shouted the only thing he could remember: "Shabbos, gefilte fish! Shabbos, gefilte fish!"[3][4]:63[6]:34[8]:136[9]
Despite its being widely reported, this version of events might have been a legend that simply "went viral" in its day. In an interview nearly 50 years later, Rubenfeld said that he couldn't remember what he was shouting, but that the moshavniks were indeed shooting at him.[3] It is logical to assume that he said something to them to convince them not to hurt him, but it might have been less (or more) colorful than what was reported.
Impact
As noted, the actions of Rubenfeld and the other four initial pilots had a profound effect on the conduct of the war. The enemy was evidently so surprised by the presence of the little air force, that they stopped their advance toward Tel Aviv, which bought time for the rest of Israel's forces (which had a large contingent of foreign fighters, or machalniks) to become better organized.
In addition, Milt Rubenfeld's mission had an immediate benefit for the moshavniks of Kfar Vitkin. They were able to salvage and mount the guns from Rubenfeld's downed fighter, which they used for their defense.[3]
Rubenfeld returned to the United States soon after this mission, to receive follow-up medical care.[3] He married a few years later; he and his wife, Judy (Rosen), had three children, with his family living first in Oneonta, New York, then Sarasota, Florida. Forty years after his mission, Milt and Judy were cast as "atmosphere characters" (extras) in their son Paul Reubens' 1988 movie, Big Top Pee-wee. Milt Rubenfeld died in Sarasota on February 21, 2004, at the age of 84.
References
- "Rubenfeld, Honorable Leonard (obituary)". The Journal News. Lower Hudson Valley. December 12, 2009. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
- "Milton Rubenfeld (obituary)" (PDF). American Veterans of Israel. Winter 2004. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- Nyveen, Lawrence. "Pilots and others of the 101st Squadron (Milton Rubenfeld)". Retrieved August 1, 2011.
- Weizman, Ezer (1976). On eagles' wings: the personal story of the leading commander of the Israeli Air Force. New York: Berkley Medallion. pp. 60–61.
- Simon, Smoky. "Haganah". World Machal: volunteers from overseas in the Israel Defense Forces. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
- Yonay, Ehud (1993). No margin for error: the making of the Israeli Air Force. New York: Pantheon. p. 4.
- Nyveen, Lawrence; Yofe, Alex (2007). Avia S-199 in Israeli Air Force Service 1948–1950. San Jose, CA: White Crow. p. 4.
- Weiss, Jeffrey; Weiss, Craig (1998). I am my brother's keeper: American volunteers in Israel's War for Independence. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. pp. 60–61.
- Livingston, Harold (1994). No trophy no sword: an American volunteer in the Air Force during the 1948 War of Independence. Chicago: Q, Inc. p. 130.