Merchant cash advance

A merchant cash advance (MCA) was originally structured as a lump sum payment to a business in exchange for an agreed-upon percentage of future credit card and/or debit card sales.[1] The term is now commonly used to describe a variety of small business financing options characterized by short payment terms (generally under 24 months) and small regular payments (typically paid each business day) as opposed to the larger monthly payments and longer payment terms associated with traditional bank loans. The term "merchant cash advance" may be used to describe purchases of future credit card sales receivables or short-term business loans.

Concept

Merchant cash advance companies provide funds to businesses in exchange for a percentage of the businesses' daily credit card income, directly from the processor that clears and settles the credit card payment. A company's remittances are drawn from customers' debit and credit-card purchases on a daily basis until the obligation has been met. Most providers form partnerships with payment processors and then take a fixed or variable percentage of a merchant's future credit card sales.[2]

These merchant cash advances are not loans — rather, they are a sale of a portion of future credit and/or debit card sales. Therefore, merchant cash advance companies claim that they are not bound by state usury laws that limit lenders from charging high-interest rates.[3] This technicality allows them to operate in a largely unregulated market and charge much higher interest rates than banks.[4] On June 10, 2016, a New York Supreme Court judge presiding over a published merchant cash advance case ruled that "if the transaction is not a loan, there can be no usury," adding also that asking the court to convert an agreement to sell future receivables into a loan agreement "would require unwarranted speculation." [5]

This structure may have some advantages over the structure of a conventional loan. Payments to the merchant cash advance company fluctuate directly with the merchant's sales volumes, giving the merchant greater flexibility with which to manage their cash flow, particularly during a slow season. Advances are processed quicker than a typical loan, giving borrowers quicker access to capital. Also, because MCA providers typically give more weight to the underlying performance of a business than the owner’s personal credit scores, merchant cash advances offer an alternative to businesses who may not qualify for a conventional loan. An example transaction is as follows: A business sells $25,000 of a portion of its future credit card sales for an immediate $20,000 lump sum payment from a finance company. The finance company then collects its portion (generally 15-35%) from every credit card and/or debit card sale until the entire $25,000 is collected.[6]

Usage

Merchant cash advances are most often used by retail businesses that do not qualify for regular bank loans and are generally more expensive than bank loans.[7] Competition and innovation led to downward pressure on rates and terms are now more closely correlated with an applicant's FICO score.

Small businesses take out loans and cash advances when they believe that the opportunities offered by expanded financial assets will outweigh the costs. Small businesses that don’t have the cash on hand to fund an expansion by themselves could rely on external funding, such as a merchant cash advance.

MCAs are "almost entirely unregulated" because they are not supposed to be loans. They are not subject to usury laws or banking laws like the Truth in Lending Act.[8]

gollark: I looked at some *Rust* code doing basically the same thing, and one piece of code I found did nothing in a similar way to mine, while another crashed with that stupid "OS error 22".
gollark: I looked at its (Go - ew) code and am not sure exactly why its works and mine doesn't.
gollark: Yes. It's weird, since I have some software on my laptop which uses multicast for service discovery and seems to have it work perfectly?
gollark: Hmm, this page says that the code hasn't been tested and also has no information for IPv6.
gollark: I thought it was limited to what fit in an IP packet, so about 1280 bytes.

References
  1. Tozzi, John (9 January 2009). "How Merchant Cash Advances Work". BusinessWeek. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  2. Loten, Angus (18 August 2011). "The Lure of Cash Advances". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  3. Farrell, Maureen (31 January 2008). "Look Who's Making Coin Off The Credit Crisis". Forbes.com. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  4. Elizabeth S. Bennett and Nitasha Tiku. "Thanks, But No Thanks". Inc. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  5. Murray, Sean (11 June 2016). ""Merchant Cash Advance Definitely NOT a Loan, New York Judge Rules". deBanked.com. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  6. Goodman, Michelle (11 June 2012). "Case Study: How A Merchant Cash Advance Worked in a Pinch". Entrepreneur.com. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  7. John Tozzi (9 January 2009). "How Merchant Cash Advances Work". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  8. "'We're coming after you': Inside the merchant cash advance industry". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 8 December 2018.

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