Memorial Bridge (Massachusetts)

The Hampden County Memorial Bridge (sometimes referred to as Springfield Memorial Bridge) is a reinforced-concrete arch bridge that spans the Connecticut River between Springfield, Massachusetts and West Springfield, Massachusetts, constructed in 1922. The bridge is owned by Massachusetts Highway Department and is located on Massachusetts Route 147. It spans 209 feet (64 m) and rises 29.71 feet (9.06 m) above the river.

The 1818 bridge as it appeared around 1908

Hampden County Memorial Bridge
Memorial Bridge
Coordinates	42°05′56″N 72°35′42″W
Carries	pedestrian and vehicular traffic ( Route 147)
Crosses	Connecticut River, Amtrak
Locale	Springfield, Massachusetts, to West Springfield, Massachusetts
Maintained by	Massachusetts Highway Department
Characteristics
Design	reinforced-concrete arch bridge
Total length	1515 ft (461.8 m)
Width	82.5 ft (25.1 m)
Longest span	209 ft (63.7 m)
History
Architect	Haven & Hoyt[1]
Designer	Fay, Spofford & Thorndike[1]
Engineering design by	Daniel O'Connell's Sons Adam & Buxton Constr. Co. George W. Hayden[1]
Constructed by	H. P. Converse & Co., Contractors[1]
Construction start	1920
Opened	1922, 1996
Hampden County Memorial Bridge Location in Massachusetts

History and construction of the bridge

The Connecticut River was first bridged at Springfield in 1805, by an open wooden bridge said to have been "mongrel in style."[2] It collapsed in 1814 and was replaced by a covered wooden Burr arch-truss bridge built by Isaac Damon of Northampton, Massachusetts. Partly rebuilt after a spring freshet in 1818, Damon's bridge survived into the 20th century, and was the structure which the present concrete arch bridge was built to replace. The 1814 bridge can be located by the position of "Bridge Street" in both Springfield and West Springfield, at approximately 42.100131°N 72.596245°W / 42.100131; -72.596245.

In 1915, the Hampden County Commissioners opened hearings to discuss construction of a new bridge, but it wasn't until the winter of 1918/19 that the location and overall design of the present concrete arch bridge were finally agreed upon. The main construction contract (at $3,254,883 (US$82,260,000 with inflation[3])) was let to H.P. Converse on April 3, 1920; the completed bridge was opened to traffic on August 3, 1922. At the ceremonies held that day, the bridge was dedicated as a memorial to "those who had died as pioneers, and soldiers in the Revolutionary, Civil and Foreign Wars."

The bridge was designed by Fay Spofford & Thorndike, with Haven & Hoyt, architects. When the bridge was refurbished in 1992, Fay Spofford & Thorndike was again involved.

Design

The Memorial Bridge features a 7 span, reinforced-concrete deck rib arches, with a 9 span reinforced concrete slab viaduct. Each of the river spans is made up of 5 Melan-type, two-hinged, reinforced-concrete arch ribs of parabolic profile.[4] The bridge's longest ribs have a center to center span of 209 feet (64 m) and a rise of 29.71 feet (9.06 m); the ribs of the other spans vary from 176.5 to 121 feet (53.8 to 36.9 m) in length, with rises from 29.2 to 19.1 feet (8.9 to 5.8 m). The three interior ribs in each span are grouped together near the center of the roadway where a streetcar line was originally located. The two outer ribs are more widely spaced and carry thin concrete fascia walls concealing an open-spandrel design. Reinforced-concrete spandrel columns carry the reinforced-concrete roadway. The viaduct spans the rail yard consists of a reinforced concrete slab deck carried by transverse bents of concrete-encased structural steel. The piers are granite-faced reinforced-concrete.

There were two gargoyles above the bridge on the south side that were removed when the bridge was upgraded several years ago. The four plaques on the central towers honor the original colonists, and veterans of the American Revolutionary War, American Civil War, and World War I.[5]

The 1922 Memorial Bridge includes the longest single concrete arch span in Massachusetts. Its self-supporting steel rib arches represent an uncommon refinement of Melan's original idea – by making the steel arches self-supporting, and using them to support their own load plus the weight of the formwork and the wet concrete during construction, an initial compressive stress was developed in the steel prior to the setting of the concrete. This prestressing of the steel allowed a much higher proportion of its ultimate strength to be utilized, allowing, in turn, the use of smaller and lighter arch ribs and a less massive substructure.[6]

1996 rehabilitation project

By the 1990s, the concrete above the arches was suffering from advanced Alkali-Silica Reactivity (ASR) attack. The 1996 rehabilitation project replaced the entire deck system. The decorative architectural elements were replaced either in kind using cast stone or replaced with architectural fiberglass reproductions. The viaduct over the railroad was replaced with adjacent precast/prestressed deck beams made continuous.[7]

This project was completed by Daniel O'Connell's Sons in 1996.

See also

• List of crossings of the Connecticut River

References

1. Dedication of the Hampden County Memorial Bridge, Thursday, August 3, 1922. Hampden County (Mass.): Commissioners.
2. King, Moses, ed. (1884). King's handbook of Springfield, Massachusetts. Boston: James D. Gill; Franklin Press of Rand, Avery, & Company. p. 74. This ended travel across the bridge; and it was soon taken down, having become too much weather-beaten to endure longer service. It was mongrel in style, the travel being on neither the bottom nor top of the chord, but ascending and descending with the curve of the arches of each span.
3. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved January 1, 2020.
4. Arch Bridges on Waymarking.com: Memorial Bridge - Springfield/West Springfield, MA - Arch Bridges on Waymarking.com, accessdate: March 4, 2017
5. Swift, Esther M. West Springfield Massachusetts: A Town History. Copyright 1969, Town of West Springfield, Massachusetts. Library of Congress Catalog Number 77-96767. West Springfield Heritage Association; printed by F.A. Bassette Company, Springfield, Massachusetts. p. 99.
6. https://www.flickr.com/photos/80651083@N00/237010468/

External links

• Massachusetts Highway Department bridge data
• Memorial Bridge (1922) at Structurae

 This article incorporates text from MassDOT, a public domain work of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts