Melaleuca macronychia

Melaleuca macronychia is a shrub in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Its large, red flower spikes and long flowering period contribute to its popularity as a garden plant. There are two subspecies, distinguished mainly by the shape of the leaves.

Melaleuca macronychia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Melaleuca
Species:
M. macronychia
Binomial name
Melaleuca macronychia

Description

Melaleuca macronychia is an open, erect, many-stemmed shrub usually growing to a height of 3–5 m (10–20 ft). Its leaves are arranged alternately, are 9–28 mm (0.4–1 in) long and 2.1–15.5 mm (0.08–0.6 in) wide oval to narrow elliptic in shape and taper to a point.[1]

The flowers are crimson and arranged in spikes on side branches, the spikes up to 60 mm (2 in) long and about 50 mm (2 in) in diameter. Each spike contains between 10 and 80 individual flowers. The petals are 3–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and fall off as the flowers open. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle with 15 to 25 stamens. Flowers appear mostly from February to December varying somewhat with subspecies. The fruit are woody, roughly spherical capsules about 6 mm (0.2 in) in diameter, forming clusters along the branches.[1][2]

Melaleuca macronychia fruit

Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca macronychia was first described in 1852 by Nikolai Turczaninow in "Bulletin de la classe physico-mathematique de l'Academie Imperiale des sciences de Saint-Petersburg".[3][4] There is disagreement about the etymology of the specific epithet (macronychia). In a Melaleuca monograph, Craven give it as from the Ancient Greek makros meaning “long” and onyx meaning "fingernail", "claw" or "talon", referring to the dried leaves which look like long, narrow human fingernails.[1] Sharr considers onychius to be an adaptation of the Greek onyx, onychos meaning "a nail or claw", referring to the stamen claw of this species.[5]

There are two subspecies varying in their distributions, flowering time and leaf size and shape:

Distribution and habitat

Melaleuca macronychia occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie and Mallee biogeographic regions growing in scrub and heath on a wide range of sandy and gravelly soil types.[10]

Conservation

This species is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife[10] although the subspecies trygonoides is classified as "Priority Three"[7] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.[11]

Use in horticulture

Melaleuca macronychia subsp. macronychia is frequently cultivated because of its profuse red flower spikes which appear over long periods. It is also a hardy plant, including in the temperate areas of the more humid east coast when grown in well-drained soil with a sunny aspect.[2][12]

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References
  1. Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. p. 236. ISBN 9781922137517.
  2. Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 180–181. ISBN 1876334983.
  3. "Melaleuca macronychia". APNI. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  4. Turczaninow, Nikolai (1852). Bulletin de la classe physico-mathematique de l'Academie Imperiale des sciences de Saint-Petersburg, Volumes 10-11. St. Petersburg. p. 340. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  5. Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. p. 246. ISBN 9780958034180.
  6. "Melaleuca macronychia subsp. macronychia". APNI. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  7. "Melaleuca macronychia subsp. macronychia". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  8. "Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides". APNI. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  9. "Melaleuca macronychia subsp. trygonoides". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  10. "Melaleuca macronychia". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  11. "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  12. Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray (1983). Australian native plants : a manual for their propagation, cultivation and use in landscaping (2nd ed.). Sydney: Collins. p. 266. ISBN 0002165759.
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