Melaleuca hamata

Melaleuca hamata is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It grows to a large, dense shrub with broombrush foliage and profuse pale yellow flowers in late spring.

Melaleuca hamata
M. hamata leaves, flowers and fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Myrtaceae
Genus:	Melaleuca
Species:	M. hamata
Binomial name
Melaleuca hamata Fielding & Gardner

Description

Melaleuca hamata is a large shrub, sometimes a small tree growing to a height of 5 m (20 ft), with flaking papery bark. Its leaves are arranged alternately, upward-pointing and needle-like, up to 80 mm (3 in) long and 0.8–1.6 mm (0.03–0.06 in) in diameter and with a sharp tip which is often hooked.[1]

The flowers are a shade of yellow, through cream to white. They are in almost spherical heads in many of the upper leaf axils, each head about 20 mm (0.8 in) in diameter and containing 5 to 15 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) long and often fall off as soon as the flower opens. The stamens, which give the flowers their colour, are arranged in five bundles around the flower with 3 to 8 stamens per bundle. Flowering occurs through spring and early summer and is followed by fruit which are woody capsules forming oval-shaped clusters up to 12 mm (0.5 in) in diameter.[1][2]

M. hamata growing near Ravensthorpe

M. hamata bark

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first formally described in 1844 by Henry Barron Fielding and Charles Austin Gardner in Sertum Plantarum: or drawings and descriptions of rare and undescribed plants from the author's herbarium .[3][4] The specific epithet (hamata) is from the Latin word hamus meaning "a hook" or "angle"[5] referring to the curved ends of the leaves.[1]

Distribution and habitat

Melaleuca hamata occurs in and between the districts of Mount Gibson, Nyabing, Leinster and Munglinup[1][2] in the Avon Wheatbelt, Coolgardie, Esperance Plains, Gascoyne, Geraldton Sandplains, Great Victoria Desert, Jarrah Forest, Little Sandy Desert, Mallee, Murchison and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows on a wide range of soils in a range of vegetation associations[6] and is the most common brushwood species in the wheatbelt.[7]

Conservation status

This melaleuca is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.[6]

Uses

Agriculture

In field trials for evaluating different species melaleucas as a source of brushwood, Melaleuca hamata was proven to be the species best suited to the heavy loams that dominate large areas of Western Australia.[7]

References

1. Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 188–189. ISBN 9781922137517.
2. Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 134–135. ISBN 1876334983.
3. "Melaleuca hamata". APNI. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
4. Fielding, Henry Barron; Gardner, Charles Austin (1844). Sertum Plantarum: or drawings and descriptions of rare and undescribed plants from the author's herbarium. London: Hippolyte Bailliere. p. LXXIV. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
5. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 90.
6. "Melaleuca hamata". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
7. Troup, Georgie. "Growing brushwood for profit and protection in the northern agricultural region" (PDF). Moore catchment council. Retrieved 4 April 2015.