Melaleuca cardiophylla

Melaleuca cardiophylla, commonly known as tangling melaleuca or umbrella bush is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the west and south-west of Western Australia. It is a dense, prickly shrub with heart-shaped leaves, stamens that are joined in unusually long claw-like bundles, and distinctive, warty fruits.

Umbrella bush
M. cardiophylla growing near the coast at Kalbarri
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Melaleuca
Species:
M. cardiophylla
Binomial name
Melaleuca cardiophylla

Description

Melaleuca cardiophylla is a shrub growing to a height of 3.5 m (10 ft). The leaves are arranged alternately with the stalk of the leaf attached to the underside of the leaf. They are 2–8.5 mm (0.08–0.3 in) long and 1.75–6.5 mm (0.07–0.3 in) wide with about 12 to 20 longitudinal veins and end in a point that is often sharp.[1][2]

The flowers are arranged in groups of 1 to 5 along considerable lengths of the branches. The petals and sepals have edges that are almost transparent and the petals fall from the flower soon after it opens. The stamens are white or cream and arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle having the appearance of a claw. Flowering time is variable but is usually between August and January. The fruit are almost spherical, knobbly, woody capsules that are larger than those of most other melaleucas at about 10 mm (0.4 in) diameter.[1][2]

M. cardiophylla leaves and flowers
M. cardiophylla fruit
M. cardiophylla bark

Taxonomy and naming

Melaleuca cardiophylla was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from a specimen found "at Port Gregory by Augustus Oldfield".[3][4] The specific epithet (cardiophylla) is from the Ancient Greek kardia (καρδία) meaning "heart" and phyllon (φύλλον) meaning "leaf", hence "with heart-shaped leaves".[5]

Distribution and habitat

This melaleuca occurs in areas close to the coast between Perth, the Exmouth district and the Pilbara in the Carnarvon, Gascoyne, Geraldton Sandplains, Swan Coastal Plain and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.[6] It grows in sand on limestone and sand dunes[7] often in association with Eucalyptus species such as E. obtusiflora, E. oraria and E. zopherophloia.[8]

Conservation status

Melaleuca cardiophylla is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.[6]

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References
  1. Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 50–51. ISBN 1876334983.
  2. Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. p. 113. ISBN 9781922137517.
  3. "Melaleuca cardiophylla". APNI. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  4. Mueller, Ferdinand (1859). Fragmenta phytographiæ Australiæ. Melbourne. p. 225. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  5. Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
  6. "Melaleuca cardiophylla". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  7. Paczkowska, Grazyna; Chapman, Alex R. (2000). The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue. Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. p. 392. ISBN 0646402439.
  8. "Geraldton regional flora and vegetation survey" (PDF). Government of Western Australia: Planning Western Australia. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
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