Mehmet Haberal

Mehmet Haberal (born 1944), is the founder of Başkent University in Ankara, Turkey, best known for becoming the first transplant surgeon in Turkey after leading the team that performed Turkey's first living-related kidney transplant in 1975, after he returned from surgical training under the mentorship of American surgeon Thomas Starzl, with whom he also performed some of the longest surviving early liver transplantations.

Mehmet Haberal
Born1944
Pazar, Rize Province, Turkey
Known for
Awards
  • Everett Idris Evans Memorial Award from the American Burn Association (1985)
  • Distinguished Philanthropist Award by the American College of Surgeons (2017)
Scientific career
FieldsOrgan transplantation
Institutions
InfluencesThomas Starzl

Just over a year after returning from the States, he established a network of centres for dialysis for people with end-stage kidney failure and then, in 1978, led the team that performed Turkey's first kidney transplantation using a kidney from a deceased person. After successfully lobbying for changed laws in Turkey, his team performed the first local deceased-donor kidney transplantation at Hacettepe University in 1979. His role in the passing of further legislation led to Turkey's first deceased donor liver transplantation in 1988 and the first living donor liver transplantation in 1990.

Early life and education

Mehmet Haberal was born in 1944,[1] in Pazar, Rize, Turkey. As a child, he initially aspired to becoming an engineer until his second year at high school, when he changed his mind to medicine. In 1967, he graduated from Ankara University Medical School, and in June of that year, became resident at the Department of General Surgery at the Medical School of Hacettepe University.[2]

Surgical career
Haberal performing surgery

During his residency, he became interested in general surgery and the management of burns and subsequently co-authored the paper "Results obtained from the application of 0.5 per cent silver nitrate solution in the treatment of burns", published in the Journal of Turkish Medical Society in 1970.[3] During this time, he also started experimental liver transplantations.[4]

After completing his residency in 1971, he was appointed Assistant Professor at Hacettepe's Department of General Surgery,[3] where he also became Associate Professor in 1976 and full professor in 1982.[1]

He completed his fellowship in burns at the Shriners Burn Institute and John Sealy Hospital in Galveston, Texas (1973)[3] before training under Thomas Starzl at the Colorado University Medical School Transplantation Center, Denver (January 1974 – June 1975).[2][5] Four of the liver transplantations he performed with Starzl, went on to survive more than 40 years with their transplanted livers.[6] After Starzl's death in 2017, Haberal described him as "my guide and my inspiration".[2][5]

Kidney and liver transplantations

In June 1975, when he returned from the States, he met with founder and president of Hacettepe University, İhsan Doğramacı, and a transplantation unit was set up.[7] Haberal became the first transplant surgeon in Turkey.[8]

On 3 November 1975, he led the team that performed the first renal transplantation in Turkey, where a living mother donated a kidney to her 12-year old son.[4][7][9] Just over a year after returning from the States, he established a network of centres for dialysis for people with end-stage kidney failure[6] and then on 10 October 1978, he led the team that performed Turkey's first kidney transplantation using a kidney from a deceased person, donated by the European Transplant Foundation (ETF).[4]

On 27 July 1979, his team performed the first local deceased-donor kidney transplantation at Hacettepe University. The donor kidney came from a person who was killed in a road traffic accident.[8] Until this time, kidneys came via the ETF and often had extended cold ischaemia times.[7] Haberal had, in the interim, and before the 1980 Turkish coup d'état,[10] lobbied and worked with Turkish government officials and religious boards, until a law, legislation no. 2238, passed on the “harvesting, storing, grafting, and transplanting of organs and tissues”.[7] It legalised the diagnosis of brain death[8] and meant that kidneys could be acquired from a local supply as an alternative to importing from Europe. However, the lack of donors, meant that Europe was still relied upon.[10] He was subsequently a key navigator in the passing of the 1982 legislation no. 2594, which led to the first deceased donor liver transplantation in 1988 and the first living donor liver transplantation in 1990.[11][12] From 1975, over the next 18 years, he co-ordinated 931 transplants across Turkey and developed an organ-sharing database from Ankara.[8][9]

By 2015 there were 45 liver transplantation centers in Turkey.[11][12]

Establishments

He founded the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation (MESOT) in 1987,[13][14] along with its official journal Experimental and Clinical Transplantation,[6] the Turkish Transplantation Society in 1991,[8] Başkent University in Ankara in 1993[15][16] of which he became president,[8] and the World Academy of Medical, Biomedical and Ethical Sciences in 2012.[17]

He established the International Haberal Transplantation and Education Foundation (IHTEF) (2013) to support the work of the 2008 Declaration of Istanbul (DoI) on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism, of which he is a member of the Steering Committee].[18][19][20]

He is the only Turkish citizen to be elected as an Honorary Foreign Member of the American Surgical Association and the Institute of Medicine of the United States National Academy of Science.[6]

Political activities

On 13 April 2009, Haberal was detained by the police, along with others suspected of involvement in an anti-government group known as Ergenekon.[21][22][23] In 2011, he was elected Member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, representing Zonguldak as a member of the Republican People’s Party (CHP).[24] However, at the time of his election he was in prison awaiting trial. On 5 August 2013, he was cleared and released from a 12.5 years' imprisonment sentence in the Ergenekon case. He had already served time from 2009. On 1 October 2013, he assumed his parliamentary seat.[25][26][27] He served in parliament until the following election in 2015, at which time he chose not to be a candidate.[25]

Awards and honours

Selected publications

Haberal has authored close to 2 000 Turkish and English scientific publications, including six books.[17]

Articles

Burns
  • "Results obtained from the application of 0.5 per cent silver nitrate solution in the treatment of burns". Journal of the Turkish Medical Society. Vol. 36, Issue 8 (1970), pp. 302–9. [Article in Turkish]. PMID 5514252. Co-authored with C. Topuzlu, and A. Gülgönen.
  • "Electrical burns: a five-year experience--1985 Evans lecture". Journal of Trauma. Vol. 26, issue 2 (February 1986), pp. 103–109. PMID 3080600 doi:10.1097/00005373-198602000-00001
  • "Epidemiological survey of burns treated in Ankara, Turkey and desirable burn-prevention strategies". Burns. Vol. 21, Issue 8 (December 1995), pp. 601–606. doi:10.1016/0305-4179(95)00044-C. Co-authored with U.Uçar and N.Bilgin

Transplantation
gollark: I'm sure there's some automated way to write on them.
gollark: Really, stone tablets are the way to go for long-term storage.
gollark: That's probably longer than paper, but you need more technology to read them.
gollark: You can get these "M-disc" blu-rays which are claimed to be able to survive a thousand years, but this is kind of impossible to test.
gollark: 10000 or so.

References
  1. “What is my Crime?”. Professor Mehmet Haberal’s Oral Silivri Deposition. Mete Akyol (Editor). Ankara: Can Matematik Yayınları. 9 September, 2011.
  2. Haberal, Mehmet (June 2018). "Mehmet Haberal, MD: Transplant Pioneer, Entrepreneur, President-elect, The Transplantation Society". Transplantation. 102 (6): 889–891. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000002063. ISSN 0041-1337. PMID 29782475.
  3. Haberal, M (2008). "My Life in Burns" (PDF). p. 5. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
  4. Yardemei, A.; Hadimioglu, N. (2005). "Fuzzy logic fluid therapy control system for renal transplantation". In Reusch, Bernd (ed.). Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications: International Conference 8th Fuzzy Days in Dortmund, Germany, Sept. 29-Oct. 01, 2004 Proceedings. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 145. ISBN 978-3-540-31182-9.
  5. Haberal, Mehmet (April 2017). "Experimental and Clinical Transplantation". www.ectrx.org. 15 (2). Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  6. Starzl, Thomas E. (2013). “Tribute to Professor Mehmet Haberal”. Turkish Transplantation Society. Silver Anniversary of the first liver transplantation in Turkey.
  7. "40th Anniversary of Kidney Transplantation in Turkey". MESOT News. March 2016, p. 3.
  8. Sanal, Aslihan (2010). "23. "Robin Hood"" of Techno-Turkey or Organ Trafficking in the State of Ethical beings". In Good, Byron J.; Willen, Michael M. J.; Willen, Sarah S.; Fischer, Michael; DelVecchio Good, Mary-Jo (eds.). A Reader in Medical Anthropology: Theoretical Trajectories, Emergent Realities. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-1-4051-8315-4.
  9. Sanal, Aslihan (2015). "23. key Acts: Organ Transplantation and Subjectivities in the Public Sphere". In Das, Veena; Han, Clara (eds.). Living and Dying in the Contemporary World: A Compendium. University of California Press. pp. 424–429. ISBN 978-0-520-27841-7.
  10. Sanal, Aslihan (2011). "Part One: Regulating human Affairs, Fears, Emotions". New Organs Within Us: Transplants and the Moral Economy. Durham & London: Duke University Press. pp. 65–72. ISBN 978-0-8223-4912-9.
  11. Akbulut, Sami; Yilmaz, Sezai (July 2015). "Liver transplantation in Turkey: historical review and future perspectives". Transplantation Reviews (Orlando, Fla.). 29 (3): 161–167. doi:10.1016/j.trre.2014.12.002. ISSN 1557-9816. PMID 25535023.
  12. Moray, Gökhan; Arslan, Gülnaz; Haberal, Mehmet (March 2014). "The history of liver transplantation in Turkey". Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 12 Suppl 1: 20–23. doi:10.6002/ect.25liver.l18. ISSN 2146-8427. PMID 24635786.
  13. Horspool, Sally (26 August 2013). "IHTEF to link the Haberal Legacy in Transplantation to the Declaration of Istanbul". www.theisn.org. International Society of Nephrology. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  14. ".: MESOT : The Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation :". www.mesot-tx.org. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  15. "Turkish Surgeon Mehmet Haberal Elected President of the Transplantation Society". www7.nationalacademies.org. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  16. "Transplantation in Turkey". Transplantation, Başkent University.
  17. Klein, Sarah B. (4 October 2017). "Prof. Mehmet Ali Haberal receives Distinguished Philanthropist Award". The Bulletin. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  18. Steering Committee of the Istanbul Summit (2008). Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism and Commercialism: the Declaration of Istanbul. The Lancet 3372(9632):5-6 (accessed April 1, 2016)(subscription required)
  19. Horspool, Sally. "IHTEF to link the Haberal Legacy in Transplantation to the Declaration of Istanbul". www.theisn.org. Retrieved 2019-12-26.
  20. "The Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 23 (11): 3375–3380. 2008-11-01. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn553. ISSN 0931-0509. PMID 18922861.
  21. "Human rights of parliamentarians: 192nd Governing Council session". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  22. "Business as usual". The Economist. 30 June 2011. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  23. Latest Ergenekon raid nets academics and NGO heads. Hürriyet 14 April 2009 (accessed, March 23, 2016)
  24. Şafak, Yeni (2019-12-13). "Zonguldak Seçim Sonuçları 2011 - Genel Seçim 2011". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-12-13.
  25. "Decision adopted by the Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians at its 152nd session (Geneva, 23 January to 3 February 2017)". Inter-parliamentary Union. Turkey
  26. Turkey Constitution and Citizenship Laws Handbook: Strategic Information and Basic Laws. 1. International Business Publications. 2013. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-4387-8005-4.
  27. Corillon, Carol. "Stand up for Turkey's jailed doctors and scientists". New Scientist. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  28. Haberal M. (1986) Electrical Burns: A Five-Year Experience-1985 Evans Lecture. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 26(2):103-105

Further reading
  • Mehmet Haberal'dan: Belgeler ve Gerçekler. A recounting of his arrest and imprisonment presented through official documents. Istanbul: Private publication, 2012. (in Turkish).
  • Akyol M, Oral MK, Keskin T, Güney F. Haberal: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Haberal’s Life 24/7. Istanbul: Aküm Yayınları, 2013.
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