Maurice William Holtze

Maurice William Holtze ISO (8 July 1840 – 12 October 1923) born in Hanover, Germany, was a botanist who established Darwin's Botanical Gardens in Fannie Bay, Darwin in 1878. When he left to take charge of Adelaide's Botanic Garden in 1891, his son Nicholas was appointed curator of the Darwin Botanical Gardens in his place.[1]

Holtze studied at Hildesheim and Osnabrück before serving an apprenticeship in Hanover, where he subsequently worked for four years in the Royal Gardens. He spent two years in the Imperial Gardens of St. Petersburg before emigrating in 1872 to Melbourne, then to Darwin, Northern Territory.[1]

While in Darwin (then called Palmerston, later Port Darwin) he made trial plantings of a large number of tropical plants of potential economic importance: rubber, rice, peanuts, tobacco, sugar, coffee, indigo and maize.[1] He supplied the sugarcane tubers for the Cox's (later Cox) Peninsula sugarcane venture in which B. C. DeLissa and W. H. and G. T. Bean had a large interest.

He was involved in a private agricultural enterprise in Darwin's Jungle Creek and Palm Creek region, known as "Holtze Jungle", later "Holmes Jungle".[2]

Holtze sent a large number of botanic specimens from the Darwin area and nearby islands, many of which had not been previously described, to Ferdinand von Mueller.

In Adelaide, succeeding the great Dr Schomburgk as curator, he did much to make the Botanic Gardens an attractive place for the general public to visit, a novel policy at the time. He established lakes populated with water-lilies and lotuses, which became quite famous.[3]

He retired in 1917 and died in 1923 at American River on Kangaroo Island in South Australia at the home of his daughter.[4] He is buried in the Penneshaw Cemetery on Kangaroo Island along with his wife, Evlampia (née Mizinzoff), who died 5 July 1937.[5] A son, Alexis Leopold Holtze (1883 – 26 November 1938), was horticultural correspondent for the Mount Barker Courier, and editor of Garden and Field,[6] later manager of radio station 5AD. He was killed in a single-vehicle car crash.[7] Another son, Vladimir or Wladimir "Wallaby" Holtze (c. 1869 – c. 1963), was a linesman with the Overland Telegraph Department (later Postmaster-General's Department) from 1881, and stationed at Powell Creek, Daly Waters and for a time as postmaster at Tennant Creek.[8] He died in Darwin.[9]

Recognition
  • Clerodendron holtzei (now Clerodendrum holtzei), Sida holtzei, Habenaria holtzei and Polyalthia holtzeana were named for him.[1]
  • Probably also Northern Territory natives Uvaria holtzei, Aristolochia holtzei, Polycarpaea holtzei (incorrectly Polycarpaea holtzii), Trichosanthes holtzei, Goodenia holtzeana, Utricularia holtzei, Calochilus holtzei, Habenaria holtzei (since renamed Habenaria rumphii), Sterculia holtzei,[10] Eulophia holtzei, Piper holtzei, Hibbertia holtzei and Calogyne holtzeana,[11] of which all but two were described by Ferdinand von Mueller.
  • He was awarded the Imperial Service Order in 1913.[3]
  • The outer Darwin locality, Holtze, was named for him.[2]
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References
  1. Kraehenbuehl, D. K. "Holtze, Maurice William (1840–1923)" Australian Dictionary of Biography Online, accessed 20 March 2011
  2. "Holtze (Locality) Litchfield in "The Origin of Suburbs, Localities, Towns and Hundreds in the Greater Darwin area"". Place Names Committee for the Northern Territory. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  3. Dr Holtze I.S.O. The Register 4 June 1913 p.13 accessed 20 March 2011
  4. "A Noted Botanist". The Register (Adelaide). LXXXVIII (25, 834). South Australia. 15 October 1923. p. 9. Retrieved 2 March 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. "Penneshaw Cemetery".
  6. "Personal". The Mount Barker Courier and Onkaparinga and Gumeracha Advertiser. SA: National Library of Australia. 9 February 1906. p. 3. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
  7. "Mr. A. L. Holtze, Manager of 5AD, Killed". The News (Adelaide). XXXI (4, 787). South Australia. 26 November 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 6 February 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. "'Wallaby' goes to city after 80 years". The Argus (Melbourne) (33, 203). Victoria, Australia. 2 February 1953. p. 5. Retrieved 6 February 2018 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. Wladimir Holtze, retrieved 6 February 2018
  10. TENPS Checklist of NT Vascular Plant Species accessed 20 August 2011
  11. Checklist of Northern Territory Plants accessed 20 August 2011
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