Martin Tytell

Martin Kenneth Tytell (December 20, 1913 – September 11, 2008) was an expert in manual typewriters described by The New York Times as having an "unmatched knowledge of typewriters".[1] The postal service would deliver to his store letters addressed simply to "Mr. Typewriter, New York".[2] His customers included many notable authors and reporters, many of whom had clung to their manual typewriters long after personal computers became standard.

Tytell was born on December 20, 1913 to Russian Jewish immigrant parents, and grew up in Manhattan's Lower East Side.[1] He worked in a hardware store in his youth and first learned about typewriters at age 15 after disassembling an Underwood 5 typewriter on his gym teacher's desk at Thomas Jefferson High School in Brooklyn and watching it being repaired.[2][3] He had obtained a contract to maintain typewriters for Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital before graduating from high school. He received his bachelor's from St. John's University in Queens and earned an MBA from New York University, attending college primarily at night.[1]

Tytell met his wife, Pearl, in 1938 after he sold her a typewriter at an office she managed. He died in the Bronx of cancer on September 11, 2008 while also suffering from Alzheimer's disease.[1]

Tytell Typewriter Company

The Tytell Typewriter Company opened in 1938 at 123 Fulton Street.[3] In 1941, Tytell created a patented process that allowed him to sell Remington and Underwood Noiseless typewriters that listed for as much as $135 and offer them for sale for $24.95 with a one-year guarantee, and aimed to sell 500 of these typewriters each week.[4] That same year, Tytell developed a coin-operated typewriter that would be available for use in hotel lobbies and train stations for 10 cents per half-hour, modeled on a similar device used in Sweden.[5]

Tytell enlisted in the United States Marine Corps during World War II, but was kept out of action due to his flat feet and knowledge of typewriters. In the military he created foreign language typewriters, including French language typewriters for paratroopers who were air-dropped as part of the Invasion of Normandy.[2]

He was in the typewriter repair business for some 70 years, most of which was spent in his Tytell Typewriter Company, located on the second-floor store at 116 Fulton Street since 1963, which advertised itself as offering "Psychoanalysis for Your Typewriter." He worked in a white lab coat and handled typewriters that could produce 145 different languages and dialects and claimed that he had 2 million typefaces in stock. He created typewriters that could print hieroglyphics or musical notes and invented models with carriages that operated in reverse for languages such as Arabic and Hebrew that are written right-to-left. An erroneously inverted character he placed on a Burmese language typewriter became the standard in Burma.[6] Customers included David Brinkley, Dorothy Parker and Andy Rooney, as well as both Dwight D. Eisenhower and Adlai E. Stevenson.[1] In 1980, when David Brinkley needed a Great Primer[7] discontinued by Royal a decade earlier, he was able to find two at Tytell. "How many do you want?" was Tytell's response after Brinkley called. Brinkley bought two, what he described as a lifetime supply.[3]

Forensic analysis

Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury in 1950 based on evidence that extensively relied on claims that documents passed to Soviet agent Whittaker Chambers had been created on a typewriter Hiss and his wife had owned, after the prosecution showed that the typewriter's unique combination of printing pattern and flaws matched those on the documents in question. Hiss's lawyers then hired Tytell to create a typewriter that would be indistinguishable from the one the Hiss's owned. Tytell spent two years creating a facsimile Woodstock typewriter whose print characteristics would match the peculiarities of the Hiss typewriter, which was used as one of the primary justifications for an unsuccessful appeal of the verdict in the case.[1][8]

The senior Tytell retired from the typewriter business in 2000, and his son closed the repair shop in 2001, expanding the 116 Fulton Street space, originally used by both Martin and Pearl Tytell for the forensic study of questioned documents into his own forensic document research business.[9]

Tytell's son Peter (d. 11 August 2020) [10] was a forensic document examiner, a practice that mother, father and son developed to trace anonymous letters and documents such as wills to their source, using the unique "fingerprint" of each particular typewriter.[1][2] Peter testified for the prosecution to help gain a conviction in a case that involved documents that were said to connect President John F. Kennedy to Marilyn Monroe and mobster Sam Giancana, and made use of typewriters owned by the Tytell's repair store.[9] His son's expertise was utilized in the investigation of the Killian documents controversy, which involved six documents critical of President George W. Bush's service in the Texas Air National Guard and the use of four of these documents which were presented as authentic in a 60 Minutes Wednesday broadcast aired by CBS on September 8, 2004.

Martin Tytell's daughter, Pamela, earned a Ph.D. from Columbia University in New York City. She lives in Paris, France where she publishes and teaches. Author of numerous articles on psychoanalysis which have appeared in Encyclopaedia Universalis, Magazine Littéraire, etc., her book La Plume sur le Divan: psychanalyse et littérature en France [Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1982] was translated into Japanese and Italian. She is Maître de Conférences in the French University system [11] and "Grandes Ecoles".

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gollark: It's less complex for them as the code is already there and written with a nice API, and "less efficient" how? Slightly more space on headers?
gollark: You could easily store the directory entry bits as an SQLite table.
gollark: This is an excellent use case for SQLite, which would allow quick lookups in the metadata bit and not require coming up with a fiddly custom binary format.
gollark: As you can see from the file format docs (https://wiki.openzim.org/wiki/ZIM_file_format), it's basically big compressed blobs plus directory entry metadata and stuff.

See also

References
  1. Weber, Bruce. "Martin K. Tytell, Typewriter Wizard, Dies at 94 ", The New York Times, September 12, 2008. Accessed September 12, 2008.
  2. Hays. Constance L. "New Yorkers & Co.; 'Mr. Typewriter, New York'", The New York Times, June 12, 1994. Accessed September 12, 2008.
  3. Ferretti, Fred. "Key Source For Esoteric Typewriters; A Key Source for Esoteric Typewriters", The New York Times, September 24, 1980. Accessed September 12, 2008.
  4. Staff. "Advertising News and Notes", The New York Times, April 8, 1941. Accessed September 12, 2008.
  5. Staff. "Advertising News and Notes", The New York Times, May 7, 1941. Accessed September 12, 2008.
  6. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/nyregion/12tytell.html
  7. "Great Primer" refers to the typeface size and character spacing. Normally, Great Primer typewriters used 18-point type, 50 percent larger than Pica at 10 characters per inch. Two-line Great Primer machines were also built, using 36-point type. These would have been useful to a radio or television newsreader, as material typed on them would be easier to see.
  8. Squier, Michael. "Typewriter Evidence; Alger Hiss' appeal in court may depend on the credibility of a mute witness.", The New York Times, February 3, 1952. Accessed September 12, 2008.
  9. Collins, Glenn. "One Fewer Place to Unstick a -inicky 'F' Key", The New York Times, February 19, 2001. Accessed September 12, 2008.
  10. , Peter V. Tytell, in ASQDE In-Memoriam Webpage, August 2020. Accessed 15 August 2020
  11. Univ-lille3.fr
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