Marmorera

Marmorera (German: Marmels) is a village and former municipality in the Sursés in the district of Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.[1]

Marmorera
Former municipality of Switzerland
Ruins of Marmels Castle, located near Marmorrera
Coat of arms
Location of Marmorera
Marmorera
Marmorera
Coordinates: 46°30′N 9°39′E
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGraubünden
DistrictAlbula
Area
 • Total18.90 km2 (7.30 sq mi)
Elevation
1,720 m (5,640 ft)
Population
 (Dec 2014)
 • Total31
 • Density1.6/km2 (4.2/sq mi)
Postal code
7456
SFOS number3533
Surrounded byBever, Bivio, Mulegns, Sur
Websitesurses.ch/RM/surses/vischnancas/marmorera.html
SFSO statistics

Until the end of the 19th century, its population was almost exclusively Romansh-speaking. This figure has however since been in decline, with its 2000 census reporting that 57% of the population now declared German as a first language.

The old village was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. The current village was built above Lai da Marmorera.

History
Aerial view from 2500 m by Walter Mittelholzer (1925)

Marmorera is first mentioned about 840 as ad Marmoraria.[2]









Geography
Lai da Marmorera, lake formed behind the Marmorera dam

Marmorera had an area, as of 2006, of 19 km2 (7.3 sq mi). Of this area, 35.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 23% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (40.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[3]

The former municipality is located in the Surses sub-district of the Albula district. Until 1950 it was a linear village on the Septimer-Julier-Route, but was destroyed and flooded when the Marmorera dam was constructed. Today it is located on the eastern shore of the Lai da Marmorera (Marmorera lake). Until 1902 Marmorera was known as Marmels.[4]






Demographics

Marmorera had a population (as of 2014) of 31. As of 2008, 2.1% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -11.1%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (57.1%), with Romansh being second most common (34.7%) and Italian being third ( 6.1%).[3]

As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.[5] The age distribution, as of 2000, in Marmorera is; 2 people or 4.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 4 people or 8.2% are 10 to 14, and 4 people or 8.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 2 people or 4.1% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 5 people or 10.2% are 30 to 39, 8 people or 16.3% are 40 to 49, and 9 people or 18.4% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 9 people or 18.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 4 people or 8.2% are 70 to 79, there are 2 people or 4.1% who are 80 to 89.[6]

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 51.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (20.9%), the SPS (14%) and the FDP (9.3%).[3]

In Marmorera about 85.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[3]

Marmorera has an unemployment rate of 0%. As of 2005, there were 2 people employed in the primary economic sector and 1 business involved in this sector. No one is employed in the secondary sector. 7 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 2 businesses in this sector.[3]

The historical population is given in the following table:[2][5]

year population
1850 156
1900 143
1920 100
1941 94
1950 140
1960 28
1970 27
1980 27
1990 38
2000 49
2010 43

Trivia

The 2007 Swiss mystery film Marmorera was filmed in Marmorera and at the dam reservoir.

Heritage sites of national significance

The ruins of old Marmorera are listed as a Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[7]

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References
  1. Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 27 April 2016
  2. Marmorera in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  3. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 2016-01-05 at the Wayback Machine accessed 24-Sep-2009
  4. Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 23 September 2009
  5. Graubunden in Numbers Archived 2009-09-24 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
  6. Graubunden Population Statistics Archived 2009-08-27 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
  7. Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance Archived 2009-05-01 at the Wayback Machine 21.11.2008 version, (in German) accessed 24-Sep-2009
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