Margaret Hurlstone Hardy Fallding

Margaret Hurlstone Hardy Fallding (July 18, 1920 – May 30, 2004) was a developmental biologist in Australia and Canada who studied hair follicles.

Margaret Hardy Fallding
Hardy Fallding in 1968
BornJuly 18, 1920
Sydney, New South Wales
Died30 May 2004(2004-05-30) (aged 83)
NationalityAustralian, then Canadian
Alma materUniversity of Queensland
Known forResearch on hair follicles
Spouse(s)Harold Joseph Fallding
Scientific career
FieldsDevelopmental biology, tissue culture
InstitutionsCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, University of Guelph
Doctoral advisorHonor Fell, Cambridge

Early life

Margaret "Peggy" Hurlstone Hardy was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1920 and grew up in Brisbane, Queensland. She was a third-generation scientist – the only child of Australian entomologist George Hudleston Hurlstone Hardy[1] and granddaughter of British engineer and amateur entomologist George Hurlstone Hardy.[2] Peggy's father worked in the biology department of the University of Queensland,[3] where he held a Walter and Eliza Hall Fellowship from 1922 to 1932.[4] Peggy's mother, Martha Elizabeth Olive Harris, was a former Tasmanian schoolteacher.

Peggy attended Somerville House, where she was dux of the school in 1937,[5] and then enrolled at the University of Queensland in 1938. She took her Bachelor of Science (honours) in zoology and received the gold medal for outstanding merit in 1942. She won the Duncan McNaughton Scholarship in 1940, and was awarded a Walter and Eliza Hall Fellowship in Economic Biology in 1943 after completing her MSc in zoology.[4]

Hardy worked at the University of Sydney and at the CSIR McMaster Animal Health Laboratory during her fellowship, studying the heat tolerance, skin, and fibres of sheep.[4][6][7] At McMaster, she met Helen Newton Turner, who became a scientific collaborator[8] and lifelong friend.

Career

In 1945, Hardy was appointed assistant research officer at the CSIR after her mentor Harold Burnell Carter challenged arguments that women were "a poor investment."[9] She went to the University of Cambridge in 1947[6] and studied at Newnham College, earning her zoology PhD in 1949[10] under the direction of cell biologist Dame Honor Fell. While still in her 20s, Hardy was the first person in the world to grow hair outside a living organism.

After returning to Australia, Hardy became vice principal of the Women's College at the University of Sydney and a member of the board of reference for the Evangelical Union's "Mission in the University" in 1951.[11] It was in Sydney that Hardy got to know sociologist and poet Harold Fallding,[12] who shared her intellectual approach to Christian evangelism.[13] In 1954, future Anglican primate Rev. Marcus Loane officiated at Hardy's marriage to Fallding in the Moore College chapel as she became Margaret Hardy-Fallding.[14] Soon after, Margaret "had to slow down on embryonic hair follicle culture because I was culturing an embryonic human."[15] She gave birth to three children, all delivered by her friend Margaret Mulvey, dubbed the "mother of Australian obstetrics,"[16] before returning to a scientific career.

In the 1960s, the Falldings moved to North America, where Margaret worked at Columbia University in New York before joining the staff of Canada's Ontario Veterinary College in 1966 as its second female faculty member. There she taught embryology and histology in the University of Guelph's department of biomedical sciences. In both countries, anti-nepotism rules barred her from positions at universities where her husband worked and thus forced her to commute to other cities for more than 30 years. Margaret technically retired in 1985 as professor emeritus, with close to 100 publications on her curriculum vitae, but continued her lab work for another decade.[17] In 1985-6, she was president of the Guelph chapter of Sigma Xi, the international scientific research society.

Margaret Hardy Fallding died in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, in 2004. She was survived by her husband, University of Waterloo professor emeritus Dr. Harold Joseph Fallding,[18] three daughters and one granddaughter.[17]

Legacy

Hardy's curiosity-driven research inspired a new generation of stem cell scientists to use hair follicles as "an accessible and intricately beautiful model system."[19]

Selected published works
  • Hardy, M. H. (1951). The development of pelage hairs and vibrissae from skin in tissue culture. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 53(3): 546-561.
  • Hardy, M. H., Fraser, A. S. and Short, B. F. (1952). Spread of Pigment in Sheep Skin Autografts. Nature. 170(4333): 849.
  • Hardy, M. H., Biggers, J. D. and Claringbold, P. J. (1953). Vaginal Cornification of the Mouse produced by Œstrogens in vitro. Nature, 172(4391): 1196.
  • Hardy, M. H. and Lyne, A. G. (1956). Proposed Terminology for Wool Follicles in Sheep. Nature, 177(4511): 705.
  • Carter, H. B., Turner, H. N. and Hardy, M. H. (1958). The influence of various factors on some methods of estimating fibre and follicle population density in the skin of Merino sheep. I. Methods of delineating area of natural skin. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 9(2): 237–251.
  • Hardy, M. H. (1967). Responses in embryonic mouse skin to excess vitamin A in organotypic cultures from the trunk, upper lip and lower jaw. Experimental Cell Research, 46(2): 367-384.
  • Josefowicz, W. J. and Hardy, M. H. (1978). The expression of the gene asebia in the laboratory mouse: I. Epidermis and dermis. Genetical Research, 31(1): 53-65.
  • Covant, H. A. and Hardy, M. H. (1988). Stability of the glandular morphogenesis produced by retinoids in the newborn hamster cheek pouch in vitro. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 246(2): 139-149.
  • Brown, W. R. and Hardy, M. H. (1989). Mast Cells in Asebia Mouse Skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 93(5): 708.
  • Hardy, M. H., Roff, E., Smith, T. G., Ryg, M. (1991). Facial skin glands of ringed and grey seals, and their possible function as odoriferous organs. Canadian Journal of Zoology (Revue canadienne de zoologie), 69(1): 189-200.
  • Hardy, M. H. (1992). The secret life of the hair follicle. Trends in Genetics, 8(2): 55-61.
  • Hardy, M. H. and Vielkind, U. (1996). Changing patterns of cell adhesion molecules during mouse pelage hair follicle development. 1. Follicle morphogenesis in wild-type mice. Acta Anat (Basel), 157(3):169-82.
gollark: To disincentivize being hit by wither skeletons.
gollark: Worrying.
gollark: Constant vector, not constant factor.
gollark: When there are other servers running, which is the case here, I don't really know what you can do since I don't think you can preempt them.
gollark: So you can then determine where they are and just offset all your returned positions by a constant factor to set their position fix to where you want it to be.

References
  1. "author:"G H Hardy"". biostor.org.
  2. Hardy, George Hurlstone (1915). "The Book of the Fly".
  3. "Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales". 91 (410–412). Linnean Society of New South Wales. 1 January 1966. ISSN 0370-047X. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. "Young Woman To Probe Wool Problems". Queensland Country Life. 27 May 1943. Retrieved 3 March 2017 – via Trove.
  5. "DUX OF SOMERVILLE HOUSE". The Telegraph. Brisbane. 24 June 1937. Retrieved 3 March 2017 – via Trove.
  6. "Cambridge Student Will Help Wool Research". Queensland Country Life. 31 July 1947. Retrieved 3 March 2017 – via Trove.
  7. "Scientist Grew Hair In A Glass Bowl". The Sunday Herald. Sydney. 26 March 1950. Retrieved 6 March 2017 – via Trove.
  8. "Women's Vital Research Work in Wool Industry". The Sunday Herald. Sydney. 1 June 1952. Retrieved 4 July 2017 – via Trove.
  9. Carter, H. B. (2000). "A personal memoir of the Australian Merino: Australian sheep & wool research 1932–1954", retrieved 2017-07-04
  10. "WOMAN SCIENTIST RETURNS HOME". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 March 1950. Retrieved 6 March 2017 – via Trove.
  11. Walker, Ian (2003). ""A Very Difficult Experiment": Lay Initiative and Involvement in the Establishment of Anglican Residential Colleges in Sydney's Universities" (PDF). Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  12. "Harold Joseph Fallding," The Globe and Mail, September 17, 2007.
  13. "We asked the scientists - IS THERE A GOD?". Australian Women's Weekly. 28 November 1951. Retrieved 6 March 2017 – via Trove.
  14. "Night and Day". The Sun. Sydney. 17 December 1954. Retrieved 3 March 2017 – via Trove.
  15. Hardy, M. H. (1998). "Why Study Hair Follicles? A Personal Account" in Molecular Basis of Epithelial Appendage Morphogenesis by Cheng-Ming Chuong.
  16. "Dr. Margaret Mulvey".
  17. "Full text of "At Guelph, Vol. 48, No. 11 to No. 19, 2004"". archive.org. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  18. Helmes-Hayes, Rick, "Dr. Harold Fallding", Royal Society of Canada obituary.
  19. Millar, S. E. (2015). Secrets of the hair follicle, Developmental Cell, 34(5): 488–490.
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