Mara Mather

Mara Mather is a professor of gerontology and psychology at the USC Davis School of Gerontology. Her research deals with aging and affective neuroscience, focusing on how emotion and stress affect memory and decisions.[1][2]

Career

Mather is best known for her contributions to research on emotion and memory.[3] Her work with Laura Carstensen and Susan Charles revealed a positivity effect in older adults’ attention and memory, in which older adults favor positive information more and negative information less in their attention and memory than younger adults do. Perhaps the most intuitive explanation for this effect is that it is related to some sort of age-related decline in neural processes that detect and encode negative information. However, her research indicates that this is not the case; her findings suggest that older adults’ positivity effect is the result of strategic processes that help maintain well-being.[4]

She has also been investigating how emotional arousal shapes memory. Mather and her graduate student Matthew Sutherland outlined an arousal-biased competition (ABC) model that they argue can account for a disparate array of emotional memory effects, including some effects that initially appear contradictory (e.g., emotion-induced retrograde amnesia vs. emotion-induced retrograde enhancement). ABC model posits that arousal leads to both "winner-take-more" and "loser-take-less" effects in memory by biasing competition to enhance high priority information and suppress low priority information. Priority is determined by both bottom-up salience and top-down goal relevance. Previous theories fail to account for the broad array of selective emotional memory effects in the literature, and so the ABC model fills a key theoretical hole in the field of emotional memory.[5]

Mather's research projects have included work on how older adults interpret positive stimuli[6] as well as how stress influences older adults' decision making processes[7] and the differences between men and women's decision-making processes under stress.[8]

Honors
  • National Institute on Aging K02 Career Development Award
  • Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution to Psychology from the American Psychological Association
  • Richard Kalish Innovative Publication Award from the Gerontological Society of America
  • Excellence in Teaching Award from the UC Santa Cruz Committee on Teaching
  • Springer Early Career Achievement Award in Research on Adult Development and Aging
  • Margret Baltes Dissertation Award in the Psychology of Aging from APA Division 20
  • American Psychological Association Dissertation Research Award
  • National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
  • Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship

Selected publications
  • Mather, M. (2007). Emotional arousal and memory binding: An object-based framework. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 33-52.
  • Mather, M., Gorlick, M. A., & Lighthall, N.R. (2009). To brake or accelerate when the light turns yellow? Stress reduces older adults' risk taking in a driving game. Psychological Science, 20, 174-176.
  • Mather, M., & Sutherland, M.R. (2011). Arousal-biased competition in perception and memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 114-133.
  • Nashiro, K., Sakaki, M., & Mather, M. (2011). Age differences in brain activity during emotion processing: Reflections of age-related decline or increased emotion regulation? Gerontology.
  • Sakaki, M., Niki, K., & Mather, M. (2011). Updating existing emotional memories involves the frontopolar/orbitofrontal cortex in ways that acquiring new emotional memories does not. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 3498-3514.
  • Mather, M, & Lighthall, N.R. (in press). Both risk and reward are processed differently in decisions made under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science.
gollark: You throw big piles of training data and computing power at a neural network and it "learns" to do some task or other, but a human looking at the net might have no clue how it's managing it.
gollark: Actually, with lots of modern AI stuff people *don't* understand exactly how they work.
gollark: I mean, what are paper signatures actually verifying? That you... can print/write, somehow, a vaguely correct-looking squiggle on the page?
gollark: cryptographic signatures > paper signatures
gollark: Write or you will be forced to read... *The Eye of Argon*, which according to TVTropes is the worst fantasy novella ever.

References
  1. "Mara Mather, Ph.D." University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 2008-11-27. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
  2. Gewin, Virginia. "Careers Q&A: Mara Mather". Nature. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  3. Szalavitz, Maia (5 March 2012). "Decision-Making Under Stress: The Brain Remembers Rewards, Forgets Punishments". TIME. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  4. "Emotional Fitness in Aging: Older is Happier". American Psychological Association. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
  5. Mather, Mara; Sutherland, Matthew (February 2012). "The selective effects of emotional arousal on memory". American Psychological Association. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
  6. "Research lifts veil on 'the good old days'". ABC News Online. 2006-07-19.
  7. Haas, J.G. (2008-12-01). "Stress makes older people more conservative". Orange County Register.
  8. Wickelgren, Ingrid. "Under Threat, Women Bond, Men Withdraw". Scientific American. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
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