Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Magnus II
Magnus II
	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Born	1324
Died	25 July 1373
Noble family	House of Guelph
Spouse(s)	Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg
	Issue Catherine Elizabeth; Frederick I; Bernard I; Otto; Henry the Mild; Agnes I; Helen; Elizabeth; Agnes II
Father	Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Mother	Sophie of Brandenburg-Stendal

Magnus (c. 1324 – 25 July 1373), called Magnus with the Necklace (Latin: Magnus Torquatus) or Magnus II, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruling the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Wolfenbüttel (colloquially also called Brunswick) and, temporarily, Lüneburg.

Biography

Magnus was the son of Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Wolfenbüttel). In 1362 Magnus and his brother Louis I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg helped their brother Prince-Archbishop Albert II of Bremen to assert himself against the incumbent diocesan administrator Morris of Oldenburg, who claimed the see for himself. Magnus, Louis and the latter's father-in-law William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Celle), and their troops beleaguered Morris in the prince-archiepiscopal castle in Vörde and forced him to sign his resignation.

After the death of his brother Louis in 1367, Magnus became the designated heir of both ducal principalities, Wolfenbüttel and Celle (colloquially also Lüneburg). When both his father and William II, who ruled over Celle, died in 1369, Magnus gained both ducal principalities. But already in 1370, he lost Celle to the Ascanian dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg (Albert and his uncle Wenceslas, Elector of Saxe-Wittemberg), who had been given the principality by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, who had also banned Magnus. Several cities, including Lüneburg (Lunenburg), Uelzen, and Hanover switched allegiance to the Ascanians; Magnus managed to keep the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick) among his allies only with difficulties. The Lüneburg War of Succession continued for several years after Magnus died in the Battle of Leveste (a part of today's Gehrden), near the Deister, on 25 July 1373.

Family

Magnus married Catherine, daughter of Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, who married Magnus' enemy, Albert, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg, after his death. They had the following children:

Catherine Elizabeth married Gerhard II/VI, Duke of Schleswig/Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (ca. 1367 – 4 August 1404)
Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1357–1400), married Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg (died 1440)
Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (died 1434), married Margaret of Saxony (before 1370 – 1418)
Otto, Archbishop of Bremen (ca. 1364–1406)
Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (died 1416)
Agnes I (died 1410), married Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1339–1383)
Helen, married Eric I, Count of Hoya
Elizabeth (died 1420), married Maurice IV, Count of Oldenburg (1380–1420)
Agnes II (before 1356 – ca. 1416), married first Busso IV, Count of Mansfeld, then Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania, and finally King Albert of Sweden
Sophie (1358–by 28 May 1416), married Duke Eric IV of Saxe-Lauenburg on 8 April 1373.
Maud (1370–??), married Otto III, Count of Hoya (died 1428)

Ancestry

Ancestors of Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

16. Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

8. Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

17. Matilda of Brandenburg

4. Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

18. Boniface II, Marquess of Montferrat

9. Adelheid of Montferrat

19. Margaret of Savoy

2. Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

20. Nicholas I, Prince of Mecklenburg-Werle

10. Henry I, Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow

21. Jutta of Anhalt

5. Rixa of Mecklenburg-Werle

22. Birger Jarl

11. Rikissa Birgersdotter

23. Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden

1. Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

24. Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg

12. John I, Margrave of Brandenburg

25. Matilda of Lusatia

6. Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal

26. Albert I, Duke of Saxony

13. Jutta of Saxony

27. Agnes of Thuringia

3. Sophie of Brandenburg-Stendal

28. Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria

14. Louis II, Duke of Bavaria

29. Agnes of the Palatinate

7. Agnes of Bavaria

30. Rudolf I of Germany

15. Matilda of Habsburg

31. Gertrude of Hohenberg

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References

German nobility
Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg House of Welf Born: 1324 Died: 25 July 1373
Preceded by William II	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Lüneburg 1369–1373	Succeeded by Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg and Wenceslas of Saxe-Wittenberg
Preceded by Magnus the Pious	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 1369–1373	Succeeded by Frederick I

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