Magnaporthaceae

The Magnaporthaceae are a family of fungi in the order Magnaporthales. It was circumscribed by Paul F. Cannon in 1994 for a group of grass-associated fungi centered on Magnaporthe (Nakataea).[1] Magnaporthaceae have a harpophora-like asexual morphology and are often associated with roots of grasses or cereals.[2]

Magnaporthaceae
Image of Magnaporthe grisea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Subdivision:
Pezizomycotina
Class:
Sordariomycetes
Subclass:
Sordariomycetidae
Order:
Magnaporthales
Family:
Magnaporthaceae

P.F.Cannon (1994)
Genera

See text.

Important pathogens from the Magnaporthaceae include Nakataea oryzae, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Magnaporthiopsis poae and Magnaporthe rhizophila.

Taxonomy and Systematics

Type genus: Nakataea Hara (= Magnaporthe R.A. Krause & R.K. Webster)

Type species: Nakataea oryzae (Catt.) J. Luo & N. Zhang[3]

Description

Magnaporthaceae that reproduce sexually, have perithecial ascomata that are immersed in host tissue, frequently with long necks. Asci are cylindrical and stain positive in Meltzer's reagent. Ascospores are curved to sigmoid and contain septa. They show variability in their morphology and can be filiform (Gaeumannomyces) or fusiform (Nakataea = Magnaporthe). The colour of ascospores is hyaline to olivaceous.[3]

Asexual morphs have hyaline to pale brown conidia, which are septate to aseptate, straight or curved and variable in shape.

Higher order systematics

Magnaporthaceae used to be the only family within the order Magnaporthales, which are closely related to the orders Diaporthales and Ophiostomatales. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three clear clades could be distinguished within the Magnaporthales. The Magnaporthaceae are sister to Pyriculariaceae, and Ophioceraceae.[4]

Taxonomic history

The family Magnaporthaceae was originally described with six genera and around 20 species comprising mainly necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic plant pathogens infecting root and shoots of Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Later, endophytic or apparently saprotrophic taxa on non-gramineous hosts were also added. Based on a multilocus phylogeny it was suggested that both Magnaporthe and Gaeumannomyces are polyphyletic genera.[5] Resolving the polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia led to the definition of the family Pyriculariaceae and separated Pyricularia species from Magnaporthe species.[3] The rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) is accommodated in the Pyriculariaceae, while Magnaporthe salvinii (now Nakataea oryzae) causing stem rot in rice, belongs to the Magnaporthaceae.

Differentiation from other families

Magnaporthaceae are distinguished from Pyriculariaceae by their asexual morphs. For Magnaporthaceae, the morphology of phialophora- or harpophora-like species is characterised by falcate versicoloured conidia on brown, erect conidiophores. In the case of Pyriculariaceae, Pyricularia or pyricularia-like species are characterised by pyriform 2-septate conidia and rhexolytic secession.[3]

Genera
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gollark: ``` They're very gentle creatures, spending most of their lives flying lazy loops in the sky or draped decoratively over evergreen boughs and along eaves. Their green "garland" along their spine is modified dorsal fin, flexible, not stiff. Though they do eat normal small prey animals, the mainstay of their diet is mana absorbed through the green fins. They greatly prefer Life mana, but an abundance of any in a region will suffice. The berries are most often highly refined fire mana, and give gentle, comforting warmth to any who find one. They will gather in small groups in areas with higher than normal mana concentrations in the air, though they can be seen nearly anywhere. They appear to be oblivious to extremes of both hot and cold weather, though they're seen more often during the snowy months. It is believed that they actively convert excess mana to fire mana, which is then deliberately dropped in the form of their berries. If one finds a nest made by one of these dragons they will find a layer of the mana berries lining the bottom, presumably to keep the eggs warm while the parent is away. These dragons are believed to be the source of the practice of decorating homes and trees with garlands made of evergreen boughs and holly berries or cranberries.```The Wiki™.
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gollark: Hub: has lots of 2G SAltkins.Me: is kind of annoyed that they all say SAltkin swap.

References
  1. Cannon PF. (1994). "The newly recognized family Magnaporthaceae and its interrelationships". Systema Ascomycetum. 13: 25–42.
  2. Luo, Jing; Walsh, Emily; Zhang, Ning (2015-05-01). "Toward monophyletic generic concepts in Magnaporthales: species with Harpophora asexual states". Mycologia. 107 (3): 641–646. doi:10.3852/14-302. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 25724997.
  3. Klaubauf, S.; Tharreau, D.; Fournier, E.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W.; de Vries, R.P.; Lebrun, M.-H. (2017-02-18). "Resolving the polyphyletic nature of Pyricularia (Pyriculariaceae)". Studies in Mycology. 79: 85–120. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.004. ISSN 0166-0616. PMC 4255532. PMID 25492987.
  4. A., Pordel; M., Javan-Nikkhah; A., Khodaparast, S. (2015-12-01). "A reappraisal of the Pyriculariaceae in Iran". Mycologia Iranica. 2 (2). doi:10.22043/mi.2015.19969. ISSN 2382-9664.
  5. Zhang, Ning; Zhao, Shuang; Shen, Qirong (2011-11-01). "A six-gene phylogeny reveals the evolution of mode of infection in the rice blast fungus and allied species". Mycologia. 103 (6): 1267–1276. doi:10.3852/11-022. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 21642347.
  6. Luo J, Zhang N. (2013). "Magnaporthiopsis, a new genus in Magnaporthaceae (Ascomycota)". Mycologia. 105 (4): 1019–29. doi:10.3852/12-359. PMID 23449077.


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