Mackworth Castle

Mackworth Castle was a 14th- or 15th-century structure located in Derbyshire, at the upper end of Mackworth village near Derby. The home for several centuries of the Mackworth family, it was at some point reduced to the ruins of a gatehouse suggestive of a grand castle. A survey from 1911 suggested that though the gatehouse resembled a castle, the rest of the structure may have been more modest. The remains are part of a designated Scheduled Ancient Monument.[1]

Mackwoth Castle
Amber Valley, Derbyshire
The Grade I listed gatehouse of Mackworth Castle
Mackwoth Castle
Coordinates52.9369°N 1.5352°W / 52.9369; -1.5352
Official nameMackworth medieval settlement...
Designated3 July 1933
Reference no.1017258
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameGatehouse to Mackworth Castle, Lower Road
Designated13 February 1967
Reference no.1109025

History

The date of construction of the castle is uncertain; ranges have been given from the early 14th to the late 15th centuries.[2] The first Mackworth, Henry du Mackworth, appears in the Pipe Rolls of 1254, and the MackWorth lineage can be followed from the early part of the 15th century.[2] Mackworth castle remained in the family until 1655 or 1656, when it was sold by Sir Thomas Mackworth, 3rd Baronet, who had relocated to Normanton in Rutland,[3] to Sir John Curzon, 1st Baronet.[2][4] Local legend says that the castle was destroyed during the Parliamentary Civil War by some ordnance on a nearby hill.[2] However, Rev. Charles Kerry of the Derbyshire Archaeological Society questions whether the castle had already begun to decline before its purchase by Curzon, noting that, "Had Mackworth Castle been a place suitable for the reception of the Queen of Scots, Sir Ralph Sadler would not have overlooked it when en route with his charge for Tutbury."[5] Sadler chose to lodge Mary, Queen of Scots, a decision which irritated Queen Elizabeth. He wrote in explanation on 5 February 1584, that he would not have done so had there been any appropriate houses anywhere near that town in which to house his charge.[5]

Primarily, what remains of the building is its gatehouse, a square, heavily battlemented structure which could stand as a separate building in itself.[2] According to English Castles: A Guide by Counties, the gatehouse was a Tudor-era addition;[6] Kerry dates it to a little before 1500.[5] Some understanding of the layout of the rest of the building can be derived from the rectangular spaces on the west of the gatehouse, which once formed courtyards.[2] The ruined gatehouse is a Grade I listed building.[7][8]

According to Anthony Emery in Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500: East Anglia, Central England and Wales, the structure may never have been very grand. He recounts that a 1911 survey suggested that the walls surrounding those spaces were likely "timber-framed on low rubble walls", similar to the nearby 14th-century house of the Tuchet family, for whom the Mackworths served as stewards.[9] Emery writes that "[t]he gateway was no more than a display structure, a very early example of that hankering for a world of chivalry and romance that had already passed."[9]

Hollywood reference

Mackworth Castle is the scene of events that take place in the 1954 movie The Black Shield of Falworth, starring Tony Curtis, which itself is based on the 19th century historical novel Men of Iron by the American author Howard Pyle.

Notes
  1. Historic England. "Mackworth medieval settlement including the castle gatehouse, part of the medieval open field system and a pinfold (1017258)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  2. Mackenzie, James Dixon (1896). The Castles of England, Their Story and Structure. The MacMillan Co. pp. 470–471. Mackworth Castle. (public domain)
  3. 'Parishes: Mackworth - Mugginton', Magna Britannia: volume 5: Derbyshire (1817), pp. 202-217. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50732 Date accessed: 16 April 2013.
  4. Kerry, 6. Kerry indicates the deed was dated 16 June 1655.
  5. Kerry, 8.
  6. Pettifer, Adrian (2002). English Castles: A Guide by Counties. Boydell & Brewer. p. 51. ISBN 0-85115-782-3.
  7. Historic England. "Ruins of Mackworth Castle (Grade I) (1158635)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  8. Historic England. "Gatehouse to Mackworth Castle  (Grade I) (1158635)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  9. Emery, Anthony (1996). Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500: East Anglia, Central England and Wales. Cambridge University Press. p. 413. ISBN 0-521-58131-1.

Sources
  • Kerry, Rev. Charles (1889). "Mackworth: its Castle and its Owners". In Derbyshire Archaeological Society (ed.). Journal of the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. 11. The Society. pp. 1–9.

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