Metal electrode leadless face

Metal electrode leadless face (MELF) is a type of leadless cylindrical electronic surface mount device that is metallized at its ends. MELF devices are usually diodes and resistors.[1]

MiniMelf diode

The EN 140401-803 and DO-213 standards describe multiple MELF components.[2]

  • MELF (MMB) 0207 L: 5.8 mm, Ø: 2.2 mm 1.0 W, 500 V
  • MiniMELF (MMA) 0204 L: 3.6 mm, Ø: 1.4 mm 0.25 W, 200 V
  • MicroMELF (MMU) 0102 L: 2.2 mm, Ø: 1.1 mm 0.2 W, 100 V

Handling difficulties
Zener diode for high-reliability applications in QuadroMELF package

Because of their cylindrical shape and small size, in some cases these components can easily roll off the workbench or circuit board before they have been soldered into place. As such, there is a joke which suggests an alternate meaning for the acronym: Most End up Lying on the Floor. Additionally, MELF components are sometimes called a "roll away" package.[3]

During automated SMT pick-and-place, this happens mostly if the mechanical pressure of the SMD placer nozzle is too low. If the MELF components are placed into the solder paste with enough pressure, then this problem can be minimized. Care must be taken with glass diodes which are less mechanically robust than resistors and other MELF components.

Also, when building up PCBs via manual assembly using tweezers (e.g., for prototyping) then the pressure at the end of tweezers can often cause a MELF component to slip and shoot out the ends, thereby making their placement more difficult, compared to other flat component packages.

Another reason for the nickname of MELF components is that most production engineers do not like to use MELF nozzles on a SMT pick-and-place machine. For them it is waste of time to change from flat nozzles to MELF nozzles. For MICRO-MELF and MINI-MELF most SMD placers are able to use flat chip nozzles if the vacuum is high enough; i.e., higher than for flat chip components. For MELFs with the case size of 0207 or less, it is recommended to use the original MELF nozzle supplied with the SMT machine. Each supplier of such SMD pick-and-place machines offers these types of nozzles.

In order to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when mounting these devices, there are also variants with square electrodes (e.g. SQ MELF, QuadroMELF and B-MELF). These variants are mainly used in semiconductor diodes for applications where the high-reliability of hermetically sealed voidless-glass packages is required.[4]

These handling difficulties prompted development of alternative SMT packages for common MELF components (like diodes) where the power handling capability needed to be similar to MELF components (superior to low-power 0805/0603, etc. SMT components) but with improved automated pick-and-place handling characteristics.[3] This resulted in various squared-off packages with fold-over contacts, similar to rectangular inductor/tantalum capacitor packages.[3][5]

Technical advantages

Despite their handling difficulties, and in the particular case of MELF resistors, they are still widely used in high-reliability and precision applications where their predictable characteristics (e.g., low failure rate with well-defined failure modes) as well as their higher performance in terms of accuracy, long-term stability, moisture resistance, high-temperature operation far outweigh their disadvantages.[6]

gollark: Our computers operate on fuzzy boolean logic, where the probability/confidence in a result is propagated with the thing itself.
gollark: Numeric types.
gollark: Oh, I see. We could put our computers into time accelerator chambers.
gollark: 18 months is much longer than 62 minutes, so I don't see the problem.
gollark: What? We obviously doubled (and still double) the performance every 62 minutes, not 18 months.

References
  1. MELF Resistors, Vishay Intertechnology, 2010, retrieved 2013-12-21
  2. PDD Marking (PDF), Vishay General Semiconductor, 2009, p. 3, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-11, retrieved 2013-12-21
  3. Diotec Semiconductor, “Comparison Between MELF and SMA Package.” Diotec Semiconductor, 19-Jul-2010.
  4. 1N6309 Specifications, Microsemi Corporation, 2011, retrieved 2016-03-24
  5. Bourns® Integrated Passives & Actives Product Group Introduces New Chip Diode Product Line (CD Series), 29-Oct-2003. [Online]. Available: http://www.bourns.com/News.aspx?name=pr_102903. [Accessed: 14-May-2013].
  6. MELF Resistors - The world's most reliable and predictable, high-performing film resistors (PDF), Vishay Intertechnology, 2010, retrieved 2014-04-15
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