Luxorius (poet)

Luxorius was an Ancient Roman poet and writer of epigrams who lived in Carthage, Africa during the last years of the Vandal rule in the 6th century, under the reign of the Vandal Kings Thrasamund, Hilderic, and Gelimer (AD 496-534). He greatly admired the notable Roman author Martial, whom he used as a model when composing his works.[1] Luxorius's writings served as a bridge between the end of the classical period and the beginning of medieval Latin.

"The son of Venus, who inflames everything with health-giving fire, provides water in place of his own torches through the medium of art."

Luxorius, A Latin Poet Among the Vandals

For the saint of this name, see Luxorius (saint).

Life

Little is known about the life of Luxorius. As with many poets and thinkers of his day, the only information available has been deduced from the analysis of primary texts, namely his epigrams in the Anthology. While his birth and death dates are unknown, it is clear that Luxorius was alive and writing during the last years of the Vandal rule of Carthage, North Africa.

Religion

Luxorius' writings refer to pagan deities, but it is unclear to scholars whether he aligned himself with such beliefs. Rosenblum believes that he may have had valid reasoning for aligning himself more with the pagans than the Christians at the time; "The Vandals might have been more unlikely to persecute pagans than Catholics".[2]

In A Latin Poet Among the Vandals, Rosenblum precedes the translated epigrams with a somewhat detailed account of Luxorius' life and times. He indicates that Luxorius was held in esteem by his contemporaries. In fact in a line from one of his poems Luxorius seems to refer to himself as vir clarus,[3] a Latin expression denoting a title of honor. Rosenblum specifies, however, that it is most likely that Luxorius did not hold a public office; the title was more honorary than substantive.

Works

Composed in Latin, Luxorius's ninety-one surviving poems are the largest single element included in the Latin Anthology, presumably compiled during his time. The corpus of his works has been translated into English by a few editors, most notably Morris Rosenblum in his 1961 edition. Luxorius's epigrams range from 3 line poems to longer poems, extending for pages. The subject(s) of the epigrams are equally a varied; ranging from titles such as To a Noisy and Raging Dwarf and To a Fat and Unlucky Falconer to the more serious About a Stone Coffin in Which Foul Deeds Have Been Sculptured. His works, modeled after his mentor Martial, tell the reader about himself as well as the time in which he was alive.

While his chief task was to accurately translate the writings of Luxorius, Rosenblum also included a detailed introduction on the Vandals and Carthage, the Latin Anthology and the life of Luxorius. Following the translations, Rosenblum included further commentary.

Criticisms

While information on the life and times of Luxorius may be scarce, articles and reviews on his work are more abundant. While the focus of many of these reviews is on the translation and additions by Rosenblum, there are several notes about Luxorius's actual writings.

In his review of A Latin Poet Among the Vandals, Richard Bruere writes, "...Luxorius' epigrams, although ingenious in their antitheses and on occasion almost neat, are chiefly remarkable examples of the wet squib, the joke that does not quite come off"[4] On a similar note, in his review of these works, Robert Palmer writes, "I ask whether the epigrams of Luxorius might not have better remained in the obscurity of the Anthologia Latina whence they now emerge with introduction, translation, commentary and indexes"[5] A link to an alternative interpretation by the poet Art Beck, including a translation of two Luxorius's poems can be found in the secondary sources section of this article. Beck's translation of Luxorius' complete works, Opera Omnia or, A Duet for Sitar and Trombone was published in spring 2012 by Otis Books | Seismicity Editions.

Notes

1. Rosenblum, 46
2. Rosenblum, 47
3. Rosenblum, 39
4. Bruere, 176
5. Palmer, 296

References

Translations and editions

• Luxorius. Opera Omnia or, A Duet for Sitar and Trombone. Los Angeles: Otis Books | Seismicity Editions, 2012.
• Rosenblum, M. Luxorius: A Latin Poet Among the Vandals. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961

Secondary sources

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Luxorius". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• Barnwell, P.S. Emperors, Prefects, and Kings: The Roman West 393-565. United States: University of Carolina Press, 1992
• Garson, R. W. "Observations on the epigrams of Luxorius." Museum Africum 6 (1977/78) 9-14.
• Palmer, Robert E.A. "Reviewed work(s): Luxorius: A Latin Poet among the Vandals. Together with a Text of the Poems and an English Translation by Morris Rosenblum". The Classical World, Vol. 55, No. 9 (Jun., 1962), p. 296
• Bruere, Richard T. "Reviewed work(s): Luxorius: A Latin Poet among the Vandals by Morris Rosenblum". Classical Philology, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Jul., 1962), pp. 176–181
• Ohl, Raymond T. "Some Remarks on the "Latin Anthology." The Classical Weekly, Vol. 42, No. 10 (Feb. 21, 1949), pp. 147–153
• Browning, Robert. "Reviewed Work(s): Luxorius by Morris Rosenblum." The Classical Review: New Series, Vol. 13, No. 2 (June,1963), pp. 170–172.
• Dossey, Leslie. "The Last Days of Vandal Africa: An Arian Commentary on Job and its Historical Context." Journal of Theological Studies: NS, Vol. 54, Pt. 1 (April, 2003), pp. 60–138.
• Platt, Colin. "Shorter Notices". English Historical Review, CXI: 985. 1994

• Beck, Art in Artful Dodge: https://web.archive.org/web/20100530162210/http://www3.wooster.edu/artfuldodge/introductions/2829/beck.htm A brief discussion of Luxorius and two translations.