List of nematode families
List of Nematoda has 25,000 recorded species from the Nematode phylum. There are estimated to be a million.[1]
Class Chromadorea
Subclass Chromadoria
- Order Areaolaimida
- Superfamily Axonolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918
- Axonolaimidae Filipjev, 1918
- Bodonematidae Jensen, 1991
- Comesomatidae Filipjev, 1918
- Coninckiidae Lorenzen, 1981
- Diplopeltidae Filipjev, 1918
- Superfamily Axonolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918
- Order Ascaridida
- Order Chromadorida
- Suborder Chromadorina
- Superfamily Chromadoroidea Filipjev, 1917
- Achromadoridae Gerlach & Riemann, 1973
- Chromadoridae Filipjev, 1917
- Cyatholaimidae Filipjev, 1918
- Ethmolaimidae Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
- Neotonchidae Wieser & Hopper, 1966
- Selachinematidae Cobb, 1915
- Superfamily Chromadoroidea Filipjev, 1917
- Suborder Chromadorina
- Order Desmodorida
- Suborder Desmodorina
- Superfamily Desmodoroidea Filipjev, 1922
- Desmodoridae Filipjev, 1922
- Draconematidae Filipjev, 1918
- Epsilonematidae Steiner, 1927
- Superfamily Microlaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Aponchiidae Gerlach, 1963
- Microlaimidae Micoletzky, 1922
- Monoposthiidae Filipjev, 1934
- Superfamily Desmodoroidea Filipjev, 1922
- Suborder Desmodorina
- Order Desmoscolecida
- Suborder Desmoscolecina
- Superfamily Desmoscolecoidea Shipley, 1896
- Cyartonematidae Tchesunov, 1990
- Desmoscolecidae Shipley, 1896
- †Eophasmidae Poinar, 2011[2]
- Meyliidae de Coninck, 1965
- Superfamily Desmoscolecoidea Shipley, 1896
- Suborder Desmoscolecina
- Order Monhysterida
- Suborder Linhomoeina
- Superfamily Siphonolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918
- Fusivermidae Tchesunov, 1996
- Linhomoeidae Filipjev, 1922
- Siphonolaimidae Filipjev, 1918
- Superfamily Siphonolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918
- Suborder Monhysterina
- Superfamily Monhysteroidea Filipjev, 1929
- Monhysteridae de Man, 1876
- Superfamily Sphaerolaimoidea Filipjev, 1918
- Sphaerolaimidae Filipjev, 1918
- Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951
- Superfamily Monhysteroidea Filipjev, 1929
- Suborder Linhomoeina
- Order Plectida
- Suborder Ceramonematina
- Superfamily Ceramonematoidea Cobb, 1933
- Ceramonematidae Cobb, 1933
- Diplopeltoididae Tchesunov, 1990
- Paramicrolaimidae Lorenzen, 1981
- Tarvaiidae Lorenzen, 1981
- Tubolaimoididae Lorenzen, 1981
- Superfamily Ceramonematoidea Cobb, 1933
- Incertae sedis
- Superfamily Haliplectoidea Chitwood, 1951
- Haliplectidae Chitwood, 1951
- Aegialoalaimidae Lorenzen, 1981
- Aulolaimidae Jairajpuri & Hopper, 1968
- Superfamily Haliplectoidea Chitwood, 1951
- Suborder Plectina
- Superfamily Camacolaimoidea Micoletzky, 1924
- Camacolaimidae Micoletzky, 1924
- Rhadinematidae Lorenzen, 1981
- Superfamily Leptolaimoidea Örley, 1880
- Aphanolaimidae Chitwood, 1936
- Leptolaimidae Örley, 1880
- Superfamily Ohridioidea (Andrassy, 1976)
- Creagrocercidae Baylis, 1943
- Ohridiidae Andrássy, 1976
- Superfamily Plectoidea Örley, 1880
- Chronogastridae Gagarin, 1975
- Metateratocephalidae Eroshenko, 1973
- Plectidae Örley, 1880
- Superfamily Camacolaimoidea Micoletzky, 1924
- Suborder Ceramonematina
- Order Rhabditida
- Incertae sedis
- Brevibuccidae Paramonov, 1956
- Chambersiellidae Thorne, 1937
- Teratocephalidae Andrassy, 1958
- Suborder Myolaimina
- Superfamily Myolaimoidea Andrassy, 1958
- Myolaimidae Andrassy, 1958
- Superfamily Myolaimoidea Andrassy, 1958
- Suborder Rhabditina
- Infraorder Bunonematomorpha
- Superfamily Bunonematoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Bunonematidae Micoletzky, 1922
- Pterygorhabditidae Goodey, 1963
- Superfamily Bunonematoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Infraorder Diplogasteromorpha
- Superfamily Cylindrocorporoidea Goodey, 1939
- Cylindrocorporidae Goodey, 1939
- Superfamily Diplogasteroidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Cephalobiidae Filipjev, 1934
- Diplogasteridae Micoletzky, 1922
- Diplogasteroididae Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941
- Mehdinematidae Farooqui, 1967
- Neodiplogasteridae Paramonov, 1952
- Pseudodiplogasteroididae Körner, 1954
- Superfamily Odontopharyngoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Odontopharyngidae Micoletzky, 1922
- Superfamily Cylindrocorporoidea Goodey, 1939
- Infraorder Rhabditomorpha
- Incertae sedis
- Agfidae Dougherty, 1955
- Carabonematidae Stammer & Wachek, 1952
- Superfamily Mesorhabditoidea Andrassy, 1976
- Mesorhabditidae Andrassy, 1976
- Peloderidae Andrassy, 1976
- Superfamily Rhabditoidea Örley, 1880
- Diploscapteridae Micoletzky, 1922
- Rhabditidae Örley, 1880
- Superfamily Strongyloidea Baird, 1853
- Ancylostomatidae Looss, 1905
- Diaphanocephalidae Travassos, 1920
- Heligmosomidae Cram, 1927
- Heterorhabditidae Poinar, 1976
- Metastrongylidae Diesing, 1851
- Moleinidae Durette-Desset & Chabaud, 1977
- Strongylidae Baird, 1853
- Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1912
- Incertae sedis
- Infraorder Bunonematomorpha
- Suborder Spirurina
- Infraorder Ascaridomorpha
- Superfamily Ascaridoidea Baird, 1853
- Acanthocheilidae Wülker, 1929
- Anisakidae Railliet & Henry, 1912
- Ascarididae Baird, 1853
- Heterocheilidae Railliet & Henry, 1915
- Raphidascarididae Hartwich, 1954
- Superfamily Cosmocercoidea Travassos, 1925
- Atractidae Travassos, 1919
- Cosmocercidae Travassos, 1925
- Kathlaniidae Travassos, 1918
- Superfamily Heterakoidea Railliet & Henry, 1912
- Ascaridiidae Travassos, 1919
- Aspidoderidae Skrjabin & Shikhobalova, 1947
- Heterakidae Railliet & Henry, 1912
- Superfamily Seuratoidea Railliet, 1906
- Chitwoodchabaudiidae Puylaert, 1970
- Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864
- Quimperiidae Gendre, 1928
- Schneidernematidae Freitas, 1956
- Seuratidae Railliet, 1906
- Superfamily Subuluroidea Yorke & Maplestone, 1926
- Maupasinidae Inglis, 1959
- Subuluridae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926
- Superfamily Ascaridoidea Baird, 1853
- Infraorder Gnathostomatomorpha
- Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea Railliet, 1895
- Gnathostomatidae Railliet, 1895
- Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea Railliet, 1895
- Incertae sedis
- Superfamily Dracunculoidea Stiles, 1907
- Anguillicolidae Yamaguti, 1935
- Daniconematidae Moravec & Køie, 1987
- Dracunculidae Stiles, 1907
- Guyanemidae Petter, 1975
- Micropleuridae Baylis & Daubney, 1926
- Philometridae Baylis & Daubney, 1926
- Skrjabillanidae Shigin & Shigina, 1958
- Superfamily Dracunculoidea Stiles, 1907
- Infraorder Oxyuridomorpha
- Superfamily Oxyuroidea Cobbold, 1864
- Heteroxynematidae Skrjabin & Shikhobalova, 1948
- Oxyuridae Cobbold, 1864
- Pharyngodonidae Travassos, 1919
- Superfamily Thelastomatoidea Travassos, 1929
- Hystrignathidae Travassos, 1929
- Protrelloididae Chitwood, 1932
- Thelastomatidae Travassos, 1929
- Travassosinematidae Rao, 1958
- Superfamily Oxyuroidea Cobbold, 1864
- Infraorder Rhigonematomorpha
- Superfamily Ransomnematoidea Travassos, 1930
- Camoyidae Travassos & Kloss, 1960
- Hethidae Travassos & Kloss, 1960
- Ransomnematidae Travassos, 1930
- Superfamily Rhigonematoidea Artigas, 1930
- Ichthyocephalidae Travassos & Kloss, 1958
- Rhigonematidae Artigas, 1930
- Superfamily Ransomnematoidea Travassos, 1930
- Infraorder Spiruromorpha
- Superfamily Acuarioidea Railliet, Henry & Sisoff, 1912
- Acuariidae Railliet, Henry & Sisoff, 1912
- Superfamily Aproctoidea Skrjabin & Shikhobalova, 1945
- Aproctidae Skrjabin & Shikhobalova, 1945
- Desmidocercidae Cram, 1927
- Superfamily Camallanoidea Travassos, 1920
- Camallanidae Railliet & Henry, 1915
- Superfamily Diplotriaenoidea Anderson, 1958
- Diplotriaenidae Anderson, 1958
- Oswaldofilariidae Chabaud & Choquet, 1953
- Superfamily Filarioidea Chabaud & Anderson, 1959
- Filariidae Chabaud & Anderson, 1959
- Onchocercidae Leiper, 1911
- Superfamily Habronematoidea Ivaschkin, 1961
- Cystidicolidae Skrjabin, 1946
- Habronematidae Ivaschkin, 1961
- Hedruridae Railliet, 1916
- Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914
- Superfamily Physalopteroidea Railliet, 1893
- Physalopteridae Railliet, 1893
- Superfamily Rictularoidea Railliet, 1916
- Rictulariidae Railliet, 1916
- Superfamily Spiruroidea Oerley, 1885
- Gongylonematidae Sobolev, 1949
- Hartertiidae Quentin, 1970
- Spirocercidae Chitwood & Wehr, 1932
- Spiruridae Oerley, 1885
- Superfamily Thelazioidea Skrjabin, 1915
- Pneumospiruridae Wu & Hu, 1938
- Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin, 1946
- Thelaziidae Skrjabin, 1915
- Superfamily Acuarioidea Railliet, Henry & Sisoff, 1912
- Infraorder Ascaridomorpha
- Suborder Tylenchina
- Infraorder Cephalobomorpha
- Superfamily Cephaloboidea Filipjev, 1934
- Alirhabditidae Suryawanshi, 1971
- Bicirronematidae Andrassy, 1978
- Cephalobidae Filipjev, 1934
- Elaphonematidae Heyns, 1962
- Osstellidae Heyns, 1962
- Superfamily Cephaloboidea Filipjev, 1934
- Infraorder Drilonematomorpha
- Superfamily Drilonematoidea Pierantoni, 1916
- Drilonematidae Pierantoni, 1916
- Homungellidae Timm, 1966
- Pharyngonematidae Chitwood, 1950
- Ungellidae Chitwood, 1950
- Superfamily Drilonematoidea Pierantoni, 1916
- Incertae sedis
- Superfamily Anguinoidea Nicoll, 1935
- Infraorder Panagrolaimomorpha
- Superfamily Panagrolaimoidea Thorne, 1937
- Panagrolaimidae Thorne, 1937
- Superfamily Strongyloidoidea Chitwood & McIntosh, 1934
- Alloionematidae Chitwood & McIntosh, 1934
- Rhabdiasidae Railliet, 1916
- Steinernematidae Filipjev, 1934
- Strongyloididae Chitwood & McIntosh, 1934
- Superfamily Panagrolaimoidea Thorne, 1937
- Infraorder Tylenchomorpha
- Superfamily Aphelenchoidea Fuchs, 1937
- Aphelenchidae Fuchs, 1937
- Aphelenchoididae Skarbilovich, 1947
- Superfamily Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936
- Criconematidae Taylor, 1936
- Hemicycliophoridae Skarbilovich, 1959
- Tylenchulidae Skarbilovich, 1947
- Superfamily Myenchoidea Pereira, 1931
- Myenchidae Pereira, 1931
- Superfamily Sphaerularioidea Lubbock, 1861
- Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935
- Iotonchidae Goodey, 1935
- Neotylenchidae Thorne, 1941
- Sphaerulariidae Lubbock, 1861
- Superfamily Tylenchoidea Örley, 1880
- Belonolaimidae Whitehead, 1959
- Dolichodoridae Chitwood, 1950
- Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1934
- Meloidogynidae Skarbilovich, 1959
- Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949
- Tylenchidae Örley, 1880
- Superfamily Aphelenchoidea Fuchs, 1937
- Infraorder Cephalobomorpha
- Incertae sedis
- Order Spirurida
- Suborder Camallanina
- Order Strongylida
- Superfamily Metastrongyloidea Lane, 1917
- Pseudaliidae Railliet & Henry, 1909
- Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea (Durette-Desset, 1985)
- Amidostomatidae Baylis & Daubney, 1926
- Superfamily Metastrongyloidea Lane, 1917
Class Enoplea
Subclass Dorylaimia
![](../I/m/Trichosomoides_crassicauda_drawing_in_Hall_1916.jpg)
Trichosomoides crassicauda
- Order Dioctophymatida
- Suborder Dioctophymatina
- Dioctophymatidae Railliet, 1915
- Soboliphymatidae Petrov, 1930
- Suborder Dioctophymatina
- Order Dorylaimida
- Suborder Dorylaimina
- Superfamily Belondiroidea Thorne, 1964
- Belondiridae Thorne, 1939
- Superfamily Dorylaimoidea de Man, 1876
- Actinolaimidae Thorne, 1939
- Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965
- Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876
- Longidoridae Thorne, 1935
- Nordiidae Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1964
- Qudsianematidae Jairajpuri, 1965
- Incertae sedis
- Thornenematidae Siddiqi, 1969
- Thorniidae de Coninck, 1965
- Superfamily Tylencholaimoidea Filipjev, 1934
- Aulolaimoididae Jairajpuri, 1964
- Leptonchidae Thorne, 1935
- Mydonomidae Thorne, 1964
- Tylencholaimellidae Jairajpuri, 1964
- Tylencholaimidae Filipjev, 1934
- Superfamily Belondiroidea Thorne, 1964
- Suborder Nygolaimina
- Superfamily Nygolaimoidea Thorne, 1935
- Aetholaimidae Jairajpuri, 1965
- Nygellidae Andrassy, 1958
- Nygolaimellidae Clark, 1961
- Nygolaimidae Thorne, 1935
- Superfamily Nygolaimoidea Thorne, 1935
- Suborder Dorylaimina
- Order Isolaimida
- Superfamily Isolaimoidea Timm, 1969
- Isolaimiidae Cobb, 1920
- Superfamily Isolaimoidea Timm, 1969
- Order Marimermithida
- Marimermithidae Rubtzov & Platonova, 1974
- Order Mermithida
- Suborder Mermithina
- Superfamily Mermithoidea Braun, 1883
- Mermithidae Braun, 1883
- Tetradonematidae Cobb, 1919
- Superfamily Mermithoidea Braun, 1883
- Suborder Mermithina
- Order Mononchida
- Suborder Bathyodontina
- Superfamily Cryptonchoidea Chitwood, 1937
- Bathyodontidae Clark, 1961
- Cryptonchidae Chitwood, 1937
- Superfamily Mononchuloidea de Coninck, 1965
- Mononchulidae de Coninck, 1965
- Superfamily Cryptonchoidea Chitwood, 1937
- Suborder Mononchina
- Superfamily Anatonchoidea Jairajpuri, 1969
- Anatonchidae Jairajpuri, 1969
- Incertae sedis
- Cobbonchidae Jairajpuri, 1969
- Iotonchidae Jairajpuri, 1969
- Superfamily Mononchoidea Filipjev, 1934
- Mononchidae Filipjev, 1934
- Mylonchulidae Jairajpuri, 1969
- Superfamily Anatonchoidea Jairajpuri, 1969
- Suborder Bathyodontina
- Order Muspiceida
- Suborder Muspiceina
- Muspiceidae Bain & Chabaud, 1959
- Robertdollfusiidae Chabaud & Campana, 1950
- Suborder Muspiceina
- Order Trichinellida
- Superfamily Trichinelloidea Ward, 1907
- Anatrichosomatidae Yamaguti, 1961
- Capillariidae Railliet, 1915
- Cystoopsidae Skrjabin, 1923
- Trichinellidae Ward, 1907
- Trichosomoididae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926
- Trichuridae Railliet, 1915
- Superfamily Trichinelloidea Ward, 1907
Subclass Enoplia
- Order Enoplida
- Suborder Alaimina
- Superfamily Alaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Alaimidae Micoletzky, 1922
- Superfamily Alaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Suborder Campydorina
- Superfamily Campydoroidea Jairajpuri, 1976
- Campydoridae (Thorne, 1935)
- Superfamily Campydoroidea Jairajpuri, 1976
- Suborder Dioctophymina
- Suborder Enoplina
- Superfamily Enoploidea Dujardin, 1845
- Anoplostomatidae Gerlach & Riemann, 1974
- Anticomidae Filipjev, 1918
- Enoplidae Dujardin, 1845
- Phanodermatidae Filipjev, 1927
- Thoracostomopsidae Filipjev, 1927
- Superfamily Enoploidea Dujardin, 1845
- Incertae sedis
- Andrassyidae Tchesunov & Gagarin, 1999
- Suborder Ironina
- Superfamily Ironoidea de Man, 1876
- Ironidae de Man, 1876
- Leptosomatidae Filipjev, 1916
- Oxystominidae Chitwood, 1935
- Superfamily Ironoidea de Man, 1876
- Suborder Oncholaimina
- Superfamily Oncholaimoidea Filipjev, 1916
- Enchelidiidae Filipjev, 1918
- Oncholaimidae Filipjev, 1916
- Thalassogeneridae Orton Williams & Jairajpuri, 1984
- Superfamily Oncholaimoidea Filipjev, 1916
- Suborder Trefusiina
- Superfamily Trefusioidea Gerlach, 1966
- Lauratonematidae Gerlach, 1953
- Simpliconematidae Blome & Schrage, 1985
- Trefusiidae Gerlach, 1966
- Trischistomatidae Andrassy, 2007
- Xenellidae de Coninck, 1965
- Superfamily Trefusioidea Gerlach, 1966
- Suborder Trichinellina
- Suborder Tripyloidina
- Superfamily Tripyloidoidea Filipjev, 1928
- Tripyloididae Filipjev, 1918
- Superfamily Tripyloidoidea Filipjev, 1928
- Suborder Alaimina
- Order Triplonchida
- Suborder Diphtherophorina
- Superfamily Diphtherophoroidea Micoletzkyi, 1922
- Diphtherophoridae Micoletzky, 1922
- Trichodoridae Thorne, 1935
- Superfamily Diphtherophoroidea Micoletzkyi, 1922
- Incertae sedis
- Bastianiidae de Coninck, 1965
- Odontolaimidae Gerlach & Riemann, 1974
- Suborder Tobrilina
- Superfamily Prismatolaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Prismatolaimidae Micoletzky, 1922
- Superfamily Tobriloidea Filipjev, 1918
- Pandolaimidae Belogurov, 1980
- Rhabdodemaniidae Filipjev, 1934
- Tobrilidae de Coninck, 1965
- Triodontolaimidae de Coninck, 1965
- Superfamily Prismatolaimoidea Micoletzky, 1922
- Suborder Tripylina
- Superfamily Tripyloidea de Man, 1876
- Tripyloidea de Man, 1876
- Tripylidae de Man, 1876
- Superfamily Tripyloidea de Man, 1876
- Suborder Diphtherophorina
Incertae sedis
- Order Benthimermithida
- Benthimermithidae Petter, 1980
- Order Rhaptothyreida
- Rhaptothyreidae Hope & Murphy, 1969
Class Secernentea
![](../I/m/Celegans_wt_nhr80rnai.png)
Caenorhabditis elegans
Rhabditia
![](../I/m/Anisakids.jpg)
![](../I/m/Threadworm.jpg)
Oxyuridae Threadworm
![](../I/m/Microfilaria.jpg)
Spiruridae Dirofilaria immitis
- Order Camallanida (sometimes included in Spirurida)
- Family Anguillicolidae
- Family Camallanidae
- Family Dracunculidae
- Family Micropleudidae
- Family Philometridae
- Order Drilonematida (sometimes included in Spirurida)
- Order Oxyurida (= Rhabdiasida)
- Family Heteroxynematidae
- Family Oxyuridae
- Family Pharyngodonidae
- Family Thelastomatidae
- Order Rhigonematida (formerly in Tylenchia)
- Order Spirurida
- Superfamily Acuarioidea
- Superfamily Aproctoidea
- Superfamily Diplotriaenoidea
- Superfamily Filarioidea
- Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea
- Superfamily Habronematoidea
- Superfamily Physalopteroidea
- Superfamily Rictularioidea
- Superfamily Spiruroidea
- Superfamily Thelazioidea
Subclass Diplogasteria
(may belong in Rhabditia)
![](../I/m/Pristionchus_pacificus_g001_(1).jpg)
Diplogastridae Pristionchus pacificus
- Order Diplogasterida
- Suborder Chambersiellina Hodda 2007
- Superfamily Chambersielloidea Thorne 1937
- Family Chambersiellidae Thorne 1937 (Sanwal 1957)
- Superfamily Chambersielloidea Thorne 1937
- Suborder Diplogasterina Paramonov 1952
- Superfamily Cylindrocorporoidea T. Goodey 1939
- Family Cylindrocorporidae T. Goodey 1939
- Family Odontopharyngidae Micoletzky 1922
- Superfamily Diplogasteroidea Micoletzky 1922
- Family Cephalobiidae Travassos & Kloss 1960a
- Family Diplogasteridae Micoletzky 1922
- Family Diplogasteroididae Paramonov 1952
- Family Neodiplogasteridae Paramonov 1952
- Family Pseudodiplogasteroididae De Ley & Blaxter 2002
- Family Tylopharyngidae Filipjev 1918
- Superfamily Cylindrocorporoidea T. Goodey 1939
- Suborder Myolaimina Inglis 1983
- Superfamily Carabonematoidea Stammer & Wachek 1952
- Family Carabonematidae Stammer & Wachek 1952
- Superfamily Myolaimoidea Goodey 1963
- Family Myolaimidae Goodey 1963
- Superfamily Carabonematoidea Stammer & Wachek 1952
Subclass Tylenchia
(may belong in Rhabditia)
![](../I/m/Soybean_cyst_nematode_and_egg_SEM.jpg)
Heterodera glycines worm and egg
- Order Aphelenchida
- Family Aphelenchidae
- Family Aphelenchoididae
- Family Myenchildae
- Family Paraphelenchidae
- Order Tylenchida
- Superfamily Criconematoidea
- Family Criconematidae
- Family Tylenchulidae
- Superfamily Tylenchoidea
- Family Anguinidae
- Family Belonolaimidae
- Family Dolichodoridae
- Family Ecphyadophoridae
- Family Hoplolaimidae
- Family Heteroderidae
- Family Pratylenchidae
- Family Tylenchidae
- Superfamily Sphaerularina
- Family Allantonematidae
- Family Fergusobiidae
- Family Iotonchiidae
- Family Parasitylenchidae
- Family Sphaerulariidae
gollark: PIE-RAT!
gollark: <#200122879646367745>
gollark: A bad rule, that.
gollark: I'd just like to interject for moment. What you're refering to as Linux, is in fact, GNU/Linux, or as I've recently taken to calling it, GNU plus Linux. Linux is not an operating system unto itself, but rather another free component of a fully functioning GNU system made useful by the GNU corelibs, shell utilities and vital system components comprising a full OS as defined by POSIX.Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called Linux, and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the GNU Project.There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called Linux distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux!
gollark: NopE.
See also
References
- Lambshead PJD (1993). "Recent developments in marine benthic biodiversity research". Oceanis. 19 (6): 5–24.
- Poinar Jr., George O. (2011). The Evolutionary History of Nematodes: As revealed in stone, amber and mummies. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. 9. Brill Publishers. ISBN 9789047428664.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.