List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
This is a list of the deadliest Atlantic hurricanes, including all known storms that caused at least 1,000 direct deaths. The deadliest Atlantic hurricane in recorded history was the Great Hurricane of 1780, which resulted in 22,000–27,501 fatalities. In recent years, the deadliest hurricane was Hurricane Mitch of 1998, with at least 11,374 deaths attributed to it.
Pre-HURDAT era
Hurricanes reported to have caused possibly or known over a thousand deaths or more.
| Name | Dates active | Areas affected | Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicaragua | 1605 | 1,300 | ||
| Straits of Florida | September 5, 1622 | 1,090 | ||
| Cuba and Florida | October 1644 | 1,500 | ||
| Martinique and Guadeloup | August 14–15, 1666 | 2,000 | ||
| Barbados | September 27, 1694 | 1,000+ | ||
| Bahamas | July 31, 1715 | Bahamas, Florida Treasure Coast Hurricane of 1715 | 1,000–2,500 | |
| Martinique | August 5–7, 1767 | 1,600 | ||
| Havana | October 15, 1768 | 43–1,000 | ||
| Newfoundland | August 29–September 9, 1775 | North Carolina, Virginia, Newfoundland | 4,000 – 4,163 | |
| Pointe-à-Pitre Bay | September 5, 1776 | 6,000+ | ||
| The St. Lucia Hurricane of 1780 | June 13, 1780 | Puerto Rico St. Lucia | 4,000–5,000 | |
| The Savanna-la-Mar Hurricane of 1780 | October 1–5, 1780 | 3,000 | ||
| Great Hurricane of 1780 | October 9–20, 1780 | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bermuda | 22,000–27,501 | |
| Solano's Hurricane | October 18–21, 1780 | Gulf of Mexico | 2,000 | |
| Florida | 1781 | 2,000+ | ||
| 1782 Central Atlantic hurricane | September 16, 1782 | destroyed Admiral Thomas Graves fleet | 3,000+ | |
| Great Cuba Hurricane of 1791 | June 21–22, 1791 | 3,000 | ||
| Martinique and Dominica | August 25, 1813 | 3,000+ | ||
| 1825 Santa Ana hurricane | July 26–27, 1825 | Caribbean and Puerto Rico | 1,300+ | |
| Great Caribbean-Louisiana Hurricane of 1831 | August 10–17, 1831 | Barbados, St. Vincent, Haiti, Cuba Louisiana | 2,500 | |
HURDAT era
All of these tropical cyclones are featured within the Atlantic hurricane database.
| Name | Dates active | Saffir-Simpson Category | Sustained wind speeds |
Pressure | Areas affected | Damage (US$) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Marcos | October 5–14, 1870 | Category 3 hurricane | 115 mph (185 km/h) | 959 hPa (28.32 inHg) | Cuba, Florida, Bahamas | $12 million | 800–2,000 | [1] |
| Sea Islands | August 15 – September 2, 1893 | Category 3 hurricane | 120 mph (195 km/h) | 954 hPa (28.17 inHg) | Georgia, South Carolina | $1 million | 1,000–2,000 | |
| Chenier Caminada | September 27 – October 5, 1893 | Category 4 hurricane | 135 mph (215 km/h) | 948 hPa (27.99 inHg) | Yucatán Peninsula, Louisiana, Mississippi | $5 million | 1,800–2,000 | |
| San Ciriaco | August 3 – September 4, 1899 | Category 4 hurricane | 150 mph (240 km/h) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Eastern United States | $20 million | 3,855 | |
| Galveston | August 27 – September 15, 1900 | Category 4 hurricane | 145 mph (230 km/h) | 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) | The Caribbean, Texas | $20 million | 8,000–12,000 | |
| Monterrey | August 20–28, 1909 | Category 3 hurricane | 120 mph (195 km/h) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Greater Antilles, Mexico | $50 million | 4,000 | |
| Okeechobee | September 6–20, 1928 | Category 5 hurricane | 160 mph (260 km/h) | 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Florida | $100 million | 4,075 | |
| San Zenon | August 29 – September 17, 1930 | Category 4 hurricane | 155 mph (250 km/h) | 933 hPa (27.55 inHg) | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola | $50 million | 2,000–8,000 | |
| Belize | September 6–13, 1931 | Category 4 hurricane | 135 mph (215 km/h) | 952 hPa (28.11 inHg) | Belize | $7.5 million | 1,500–2,500 | |
| Cuba | October 30 – November 13, 1932 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 mph (280 km/h) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Netherlands Antilles, Cuba, Bahamas | $40 million | 2,500–3,107 | |
| Central America | June 4–18, 1934 | Category 2 hurricane | 100 mph (160 km/h) | 966 hPa (28.53 inHg) | Central America, Eastern United States | $2.6 million | 2,000–3,000 | |
| Jérémie | October 18–27, 1935 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 mph (137 km/h) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Greater Antilles, Central America | $16 million | 2,150 | |
| Janet | September 21–30, 1955 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 mph (280 km/h) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | Barbados, Windward Islands, British Honduras, Yucatán Peninsula, Mainland Mexico | $65.8 million | 1,023 | |
| Flora | September 26 – October 12, 1963 | Category 4 hurricane | 145 mph (230 km/h) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | The Caribbean, Florida | $529 million | 7,193 | [2] |
| Fifi-Orlene | September 14–24, 1974 | Category 2 hurricane | 110 mph (180 km/h) | 971 hPa (28.67 inHg) | Jamaica, Central America, Mexico | $1.8 billion | 8,210 | [3][4] |
| David | August 25 – September 8, 1979 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 mph (280 km/h) | 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) | The Caribbean, United States East coast | $1.54 billion | 2,068 | [5][6] |
| Gordon | November 8–21, 1994 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 mph (140 km/h) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Central America, Greater Antilles, Florida | $594 million | 1,152 | |
| Mitch | October 22 – November 5, 1998 | Category 5 hurricane | 180 mph (285 km/h) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | Central America, Yucatán Peninsula, South Florida | $6.08 billion | 11,374–19,000 | [7][8][9] |
| Jeanne | September 13–28, 2004 | Category 3 hurricane | 120 mph (195 km/h) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | The Caribbean, Eastern United States | $7.94 billion | 3,037 | [5][10][11][12] |
| Katrina | August 23–30, 2005 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 mph (280 km/h) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | Bahamas, United States Gulf Coast | $125 billion | 1,245–1,836 | [13] |
| Stan | October 1–5, 2005 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 mph (130 km/h) | 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) | Mexico, Central America | $3.96 billion | 1,668 | [5][14] |
| Maria | September 16 – October 2, 2017 | Category 5 hurricane | 175 mph (280 km/h) | 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) | Lesser Antilles (particularly Dominica), Puerto Rico | $96.1 billion | 3,059 | [15] |
| [nb 1][nb 2] | ||||||||
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See also
Notes
- Unless otherwise noted, all of the damage totals in this article are in the original year USD.
- Reference for dates, season, wind speeds and pressure.[16]
References
- Guadalupe, Luis Enrique Ramos. Bezanilla, Alejandro (ed.). "The Hurricane of Matanzas". Bulletin of the Cuban Meteorological Society. 6 (2). Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- Dunn, Gordon E; Staff (March 1, 1964). "The hurricane season of 1963" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 92 (3): 128. Bibcode:1964MWRv...92..128D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493-92.3.128. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 7, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
- "Aid Efforts Start For Honduras, Fifi Deaths Soar". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. September 24, 1974. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
- Rappaport, Edward N; Fernandez-Partagas, Jose; National Hurricane Center (January 1995). The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492 – 1994 (PDF) (NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-47). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. p. 7; 23. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database". Université catholique de Louvain. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
- Hebert, Paul J (July 1, 1980). "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1979" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 108 (7): 976. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108..973H. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<0973:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
- National Climatic Data Center (2004). "Mitch: The Deadliest Atlantic Hurricane Since 1780". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- Inter-American Development Bank. "Central America After Hurricane Mitch- Costa Rica". Archived from the original on December 19, 2005. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- Inter-American Development Bank. "Central America After Hurricane Mitch- El Salvador". Archived from the original on October 26, 2005. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
- Hurricane Committee (August 12, 2005). Twenty-seventh Session (March 31 to April 5, 2005) (PDF) (Final Report). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
- Lawrence, Miles B; Cobb, Hugh D; National Hurricane Center (November 22, 2004). Hurricane Jeanne: September 13 – 28 (Tropical Cyclone Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- Blake, Eric S; Landsea, Christopher W; Gibney, Ethan J; National Hurricane Center (August 2011). The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones from 1851 to 2010 (And Other Frequently Requested Hurricane Facts) (PDF) (NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS NHC-6). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- Knabb, Richard D; Rhome, Jamie R; Brown, Daniel P; National Hurricane Center (December 20, 2005). Hurricane Katrina: August 23 – 30, 2005 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- Pasch, Richard J; Roberts, David P; National Hurricane Center (February 4, 2006). Hurricane Stan: October 1 - 5, 2005 (PDF) (Tropical Cyclone Report). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- "Hurricane Maria caused an estimated 2,975 deaths in Puerto Rico, new study finds". Retrieved August 28, 2018.
- "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. May 25, 2020.
External links
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