List of VLF-transmitters

A list of VLF-transmitters and LF-transmitters, which work or worked on frequencies below 100 kHz.

List of VLF transmissions


Name / Call sign	Location	Frequency	Coordinates	Remarks
NOV Alpha Transmitter Novosibirsk	Bolotnoye, Bolotninsky District, Russia	11.905 kHz	55°45′22″N 84°26′52.4″E	Alpha-Navigation
KRA Alpha Transmitter Krasnodar	Poltavskaya, Russia	12.649 kHz	45°24′12″N 38°09′29″E	Alpha-Navigation, also RJH63
KOM Alpha Transmitter Komsomolskamur	Khabarovsk, Russia	12.649 kHz	50°04′24″N 136°36′24″E	Alpha-Navigation
MUR Alpha Transmitter Murmansk	Revda, Russia	12.649 kHz	68°02′8″N 34°41′00″E	Alpha-Navigation
ASH Alpha Transmitter Ashkabad	Seyda, Turkmenistan	12.649 kHz	39°28′16″N 62°43′07″E	Alpha-Navigation
Trinidad - Omega Station B	Chaguaramas, Trinidad	12.0 kHz	10.699738°N 61.638386°W / 10.699738; -61.638386	valley span antenna dismantled, station replaced by the Paynesville Liberia Station in 1976
Paynesville - Omega Station B	Paynesville, Liberia	12.0 kHz	6.305442°N 10.662068°W / 6.305442; -10.662068	1,368-foot (417 m) tower demolished in 2011
Kaneohe - Omega Station C	Haiku Valley, Hawaii, USA	11.8 kHz	21.404811°N 157.830834°W / 21.404811; -157.830834	5,000-foot (1,500 m) valley span antenna, decommissioned in 1997. Antenna dismantled, deteriorating transmitter building and Haiku Stairs remain
Bratland - Omega Station A	Bratland, Norway	12.1 kHz	66.419323°N 13.129950°E / 66.419323; 13.129950	11,500-foot (3,500 m) valley span antenna over salt water. dismantled in 2002. Building and helix house remains
LaMoure - Omega Station D	LaMoure, North Dakota, USA	12.1 kHz	46.365987°N 98.335667°W / 46.365987; -98.335667	now operated by US Navy on 25.2 kHz
Plaine Chabrier - Omega Station E	Plaine Chabrier, Reunion Island	12.3 kHz	20.974153°S 55.289973°E / -20.974153; 55.289973	1,404-foot (428 m) tower demolished in 1999
Golfo Nuevo - Omega Station F	TGolfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina	12.9 kHz	43.053524°S 65.190763°W / -43.053524; -65.190763	1,201-foot (366 m) tower demolished in 1998
Woodside - Omega Station G	Woodside, Victoria, Australia	13.0 kHz	38.481268°S 146.935326°E / -38.481268; 146.935326	1,417-foot (432 m) foot tower demolished in 2015
Shushi-Wan - Omega Station H	Tsushima Island, Japan	12.8 kHz	34.614763°N 129.453830°E / 34.614763; 129.453830	1,276-foot (389 m) foot tower dismantled in 1998
GBZ Criggion	Criggion, Wales, UK	15.2 kHz	52.72246°N 3.06295°W / 52.72246; -3.06295	towers and antenna demolished in 2003. Derelict transmitter building remains
Kahuku Marconi Transmitter	Kahuku, Oahu, Hawaii, USA	16.1 kHz	21.7062°N 157.9731°W / 21.7062; -157.9731	shut down in 1939, deteriorated transmitter building and support buildings remain
Monte Grande Radio Station	Monte Grande, Argentina	17.330 kHz	34.757502°S 58.509128°W / -34.757502; -58.509128
Waunfawr Marconi Transmitter	Waunfawr, Wales, UK	21.2 kHz	53.1239°N 4.1935°W / 53.1239; -4.1935	Closed in 1938, only the transmitter building remains
Table Head Marconi Transmitter	Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada	37.5 kHz	46.21118°N 59.9525°W / 46.21118; -59.9525	dismantled and moved to Marconi Towers, Nova Scotia in 1904
Marconi Towers Transmitter	Marconi Towers, Nova Scotia, Canada	37.5 kHz	46.1547273°N 59.9455246°W / 46.1547273; -59.9455246	closed and sold in 1946. Manager's house and ruins remain.
Marion Marconi Transmitter	Marion. Massachusetts, USA	25.8 kHz	41.7131401°N 70.7748406°W / 41.7131401; -70.7748406	shut down in 1957, towers demolished in 1960. Transmitter and support buildings remain
New Brunswick Marconi Transmitter	New Brunswick, New Jersey. USA	21.8 kHz	40.51529°N 74.48895°W / 40.51529; -74.48895	shut down in 1948, demolished in 1953. Only the station cottage remains
Bolinas Marconi Transmitter	Bolinas, California. USA	19.2 kHz	37.913°N 122.72825°W / 37.913; -122.72825	shut down in 1946. Transmitter building, MF and HF transmitters and one cottage remain
RCA Radio Central	Rocky Point, New York, USA	18.3 kHz	40.92379°N 72.9356°W / 40.92379; -72.9356	last VLF tower demolished in 1977
NSS Annapolis	Annapolis, Maryland, USA	21.4 kHz	38.977778°N 76.453333°W / 38.977778; -76.453333	shut down in 1996, 1,200-foot (370 m) tower demolished in 1999, three 600-foot (180 m) towers remain
Forestport Tower	Forestport, New York, USA		43.44485337°N 75.0861464°W / 43.44485337; -75.0861464	1,205-foot (367 m) tower demolished in 1998
Tuckerton Transmitter	Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA	22.1 kHz	39.558495°N 74.370570°W / 39.558495; -74.370570	shut down 1948, 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished 1955, transmitter building remains
Silver Creek Communications Annex	Silver Creek, Nebraska, USA		41.3461996°N 97.72176109°W / 41.3461996; -97.72176109	1,226-foot (374 m) tower demolished in 1995. Building remains.
Hawes Radio Relay Facility	Hinkley, California, USA		34.9174009°N 117.377046654°W / 34.9174009; -117.377046654	1,226-foot (374 m) tower and all buildings demolished in 1986
HWU	Rosnay, France	15.1 kHz, 18.3 kHz, 21.75 kHz	46.714119°N 1.244309°E / 46.714119; 1.244309
GBR	Rugby, UK	15.8 kHz	52.367290°N 1.188524°W / 52.367290; -1.188524	shut-down in 2003, demolished in 2007
JXN	Gildeskål, Norway	16.4 kHz	66.982337°N 13.872471°E / 66.982337; 13.872471	7,759-foot (2,365 m) valley-span antenna
SAQ	Grimeton, Sweden	17.2 kHz	57.113958°N 12.404425°E / 57.113958; 12.404425	Only active at special occasions (Alexanderson Day)
NAA	Cutler, Maine, USA	17.8 kHz, 24.0 kHz	44.644506°N 67.284565°W / 44.644506; -67.284565
INS Kattabomman	Vijayanarayanam, India	18.2 kHz	8.3869497°N 77.7505891°E / 8.3869497; 77.7505891
NBA Summit Naval Radio Station	Summit, Canal Zone, Panama	18.6 kHz	9.0699425°N 79.6333477°W / 9.0699425; -79.6333477	megawatt naval VLF station, demolished
GQD	Anthorn, Cumbria, UK	19.6 kHz	54.911683°N 3.278738°W / 54.911683; -3.278738	13 towers, 745-foot (227 m) tall
NWC	Exmouth, Western Australia	19.8 kHz	21.816325°S 114.16546°E / -21.816325; 114.16546
ICV	Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy)	20.27 kHz, 20.76 kHz	40.922889°N 9.732052°E / 40.922889; 9.732052	Valley-span antenna
RJH69	Vileyka, Belarus	20.5 kHz	54.463204°N 26.775827°E / 54.463204; 26.775827	Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH77	Archangelsk, Russia	20.5 kHz	64.360491°N 41.568489°E / 64.360491; 41.568489	Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH99	Nizhny Novgorod, Russia	20.5 kHz	56.171945°N 43.931667°E / 56.171945; 43.931667	Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH66	Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan	20.5 kHz	43.039444°N 73.6125°E / 43.039444; 73.6125	Time signal transmitter Beta
RAB99	Khabarovsk, Russia	20.5 kHz	48.48555°N 134.82333°E / 48.48555; 134.82333	Time signal transmitter Beta
	Martanskaya, Russia		44.773640°N 39.547262°E / 44.773640; 39.547262
NPM	Lualualei, Hawaii, USA	21.4 kHz	21.420382°N 158.153912°W / 21.420382; -158.153912	1,503-foot (458 m) tower installed 1972
NPO Sangley Point Naval Radio Statiom	Cavite, Philippines	21.5 kHz	14.495°N 120.908°E / 14.495; 120.908	Three 600-foot (180 m) VLF towers demolished after World War II
GBZ	Skelton, UK	22.1 kHz	54.731929°N 2.883359°W / 54.731929; -2.883359
JJI	Ebino, Japan	22.2 kHz	32.092247°N 130.829095°E / 32.092247; 130.829095
JAP	Yosami, Japan		34.971474°N 137.017018°E / 34.971474; 137.017018	demolished
Malabar Radio Station	Malabar, Indonesia		7.116281°S 107.606183°E / -7.116281; 107.606183	valley span-antenna, demolished
DHO38	Rhauderfehn, Germany	23.4 kHz	53.087341°N 7.608652°E / 53.087341; 7.608652	submarine communication
NLK	Seattle, Washington (USA)	24.8 kHz	48.203633°N 121.916828°W / 48.203633; -121.916828	valley-span antenna
NML La Moure US Navy Transmitter	LaMoure, North Dakota, USA	25.2 kHz	46.365987°N 98.335667°W / 46.365987; -98.335667	1,148-foot (350 m) tower
NPM	Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA	26.1 kHz	21.35°N 157.964°W / 21.35; -157.964	Three 600-foot (180 m) towers dismantled in 1936. Transmitters moved to Lualualei in 1936
Denizkoy VLF Transmitter TBB	Bafa, Turkey	26.7 kHz	37.409420°N 27.325273°E / 37.409420; 27.325273	1,247-foot (380 m) tower
NPL Chollas Heights	San Diego, California, USA	30.6 kHz	32.74063°N 117.0643°W / 32.74063; -117.0643	ceased operations in 1992, towers demolished 1995, Transmitter building remains
TFK	Grindavik, Iceland	37.6 kHz	63.850833°N 22.451667°W / 63.850833; -22.451667	proberbly 37.5 kHz ! (center)
Sayville Telefunken Wireless Station	Sayville, New York, USA	38.4 kHz	40.7437°N 73.1033°W / 40.7437; -73.1033	477-foot (145 m) tower demolished. massive concrete guy wire anchors remain.
JJY	Mount Otakadoya, Japan	40 kHz	37.372557°N 140.849007°E / 37.372557; 140.849007	Time signal
SRC	Grimeton, Sweden	40.4 kHz	57.113958°N 12.404425°E / 57.113958; 12.404425	Shares antenna with SAQ, used for encrypted messages to Swedish Navy
NAU Naval Communications Station Puerto Rico	Aguada, Puerto Rico, USA	40.75 kHz	18.398775°N 67.177486°W / 18.398775; -67.177486	1,205-foot (367 m) tower
NAA Arlington	Arlington, Virginia, USA	50.0 kHz	38.867820°N 77.0791°W / 38.867820; -77.0791	towers removed in 1941, NAA buildings remain
Clifden Marconi Transmitter	Derrigimlagh, Clifden, Ireland	54.5 kHz	53.4508506°N 10.0430238°W / 53.4508506; -10.0430238	demolished following an attack by Irish republican forces in July 1922. Ruins remain
WWVB	Fort Collins, Colorado, USA	60 kHz	40.678056°N 105.046944°W / 40.678056; -105.046944	Time signal
JJY	Mount Hagane, Japan	60 kHz	33.465539°N 130.175516°E / 33.465539; 130.175516	Time signal
MSF	Anthorn, Cumbria, UK	60 kHz	54.91°N 3.28°W / 54.91; -3.28	Time signal
RBU	Moscow, Russia	66.666 kHz	55.730481°N 38.152471°E / 55.730481; 38.152471	Time signal
RBU	Taldom, Russia	66.666 kHz	56.733333°N 37.663333°E / 56.733333; 37.663333	Time signal
BPC	Pucheng, China	68.5 kHz	34.948333°N 109.542778°E / 34.948333; 109.542778	Time signal
HBG	Prangins, Switzerland	75 kHz	46.408422°N 6.252680°E / 46.408422; 6.252680	Demolished 2012
Globecomm Tower	Thule, Greenland	68.9 kHz	76.553133°N 68.5507134°W / 76.553133; -68.5507134	1,241-foot (378 m) tower was the tallest structure outside the USA in 1954. Demolished in 1992
BSF	Guishan, Taiwan	77.5 kHz	25.005556°N 121.365°E / 25.005556; 121.365	Time signal
DCF77	Mainhausen, Germany	77.5 kHz	50.014234°N 9.011487°E / 50.014234; 9.011487	most important time signal in Europe
RKS Liblice 1	Liblice, Czech		50.072249°N 14.880810°E / 50.072249; 14.880810	demolished
	Podebrady, Czech		50.137793°N 15.144331°E / 50.137793; 15.144331
	Radom - Wacyn, Poland		51.409332°N 21.117214°E / 51.409332; 21.117214
	Warsaw, Poland		52.266412°N 20.879892°E / 52.266412; 20.879892	destroyed
Goliath	Kalbe, Germany		52.669218°N 11.421890°E / 52.669218; 11.421890	removed by Russian troops, reinstalled in Russia
Nauen Transmitter Station	Nauen, Germany		52.647959°N 12.908292°E / 52.647959; 12.908292	872-foot (266 m) tower demolished and all equipment removed by Soviet Army in 1946, transmitter building remains
Eilvese	Eilvese, Germany		52.546389°N 9.414722°E / 52.546389; 9.414722	820-foot (250 m) tower demolished in 1931
Königs Wusterhausen	Königs Wusterhausen, Germany		52.304277°N 13.611326°E / 52.304277; 13.611326	demolished
Kamina	Kamina, Togo		7.933333°N 0.85°E / 7.933333; 0.85	destroyed
Herzogstand	Herzogstand, Germany		47.628889°N 11.322222°E / 47.628889; 11.322222	experimental station, valley-span antenna, demolished
	Gudinge, Sweden		60.524275°N 18.012192°E / 60.524275; 18.012192
	Ruda, Sweden		57.120331°N 16.153111°E / 57.120331; 16.153111
	Tving, Sweden		56.275050°N 15.487858°E / 56.275050; 15.487858
	RNAS Rattray, Crimond, UK		57.617467°N 1.887617°W / 57.617467; -1.887617
	RNAS Inskip (HMS Nightjar), Inskip, UK		53.830074°N 2.834262°W / 53.830074; -2.834262
FTA	Saint Assise, France		48.544910°N 2.576294°E / 48.544910; 2.576294
	La Regine, France		43.386781°N 2.097364°E / 43.386781; 2.097364
	Kerlouan, France		48.637736°N 4.350769°W / 48.637736; -4.350769
Lafayette Radio Station	Marcheprime, France		44.708611°N 0.813611°W / 44.708611; -0.813611	destroyed by retreating German troops in 1944
Basse-Lande transmitter	Brains, France		47.170749°N 1.694947°W / 47.170749; -1.694947	destroyed
Torreta de Guardamar	Guardamar, Spain		38.071871°N 0.664625°W / 38.071871; -0.664625
	Dimona, Israel		30.975696°N 35.098668°E / 30.975696; 35.098668
	Kato Souli, Greece		38.145186°N 24.019703°E / 38.145186; 24.019703
	Niscemi, Italy		37.125654°N 14.436325°E / 37.125654; 14.436325
	Mokpo, South Korea		34.682222°N 126.446944°E / 34.682222; 126.446944
	Datong, China	20.6 kHz	39.942959°N 113.247886°E / 39.942959; 113.247886
Yay Kuu Amplified Broadcast Station	Yangon, Myanmar		16.8658987°N 96.161132°E / 16.8658987; 96.161132	unknown

gollark: Indeed. UTF-16 is heresy.

gollark: ALL is UTF-8.

gollark: It can export and import C fine, though.

gollark: Presumably, it efficientizes™ it like that in some scenarios.

gollark: It takes an optional string, reads the length if it does exist, and invokes awful UB if it does not.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.