List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene
This is a list of extinct animals of South America. Animals that became extinct in the Holocene period in South America.
Mammals
Prehistoric mammal extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 C.E.)
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image|- |
---|---|---|---|
Antifer Antifer crassus |
11,000 BC |
Argentina, Brazil and Chile | -- |
Arctotherium Arctotherium sp. |
11,000 BC |
South America | |
Canis nehringi |
8,000 BC |
South America | -- |
Cuvieronius Cuvieronius sp. |
4,000 BC |
South America | |
Dire wolf Canis dirus |
11,000 BC |
South America | |
Ground sloths Catonyx Eremotherium Glossotherium Lestodon Megatherium Nematherium Nothrotherium Scelidotherium |
6,000 BC |
South America | |
Glyptodonts Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Glyptodon Hoplophorus Lomaphorus Panochthus |
11,000 BC |
South America | |
Hippidion |
10,000 BC |
South America | |
Macrauchenia Macrauchenia sp. |
10,000 BC |
South America | |
Neochoerus Neochoerus sp. |
10,000 BC |
South America | -- |
Notiomastodon Notiomastodon platensis |
10,000 BC |
South America | |
Smilodon Smilodon populator |
10,000 BC |
Northern South America | |
Stegomastodon Stegomastodon sp. |
10,000 BC |
South America | |
Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica |
10,000 BC |
South America | -- |
Theriodictis Theriodictis sp. |
11,000 BC |
Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay | -- |
Toxodon Toxodon sp. |
16,500 BC |
South America | |
Xenorhinotherium Xenorhinotherium bahiensis |
10,000 BC |
Brazil and Venezuela | -- |
Recent mammal extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango[1] |
1960 |
Brazil | -- |
Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[2] |
1952 |
Caribbean Sea | |
Darwin's Galapagos mouse Nesoryzomys darwini[3] |
1929 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
Falkland Islands wolf Dusicyon australis[4] |
1876 |
United Kingdom (Falkland Islands) | |
Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi[5] |
unknown |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | |
Indefatigable Galapagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus[6] |
1930s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
Giant vampire bat Desmodus draculae [7] |
unknown |
Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela | |
Peruvian viscacha Lagostomus crassus[8] |
before 1910 |
Peru | -- |
Red-bellied gracile opossum Cryptonanus ignitus[9] |
1962 |
Argentina | -- |
Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii[10] |
1503? |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct mammals
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata) [11] |
1899 |
Argentina & Brazil | -- |
Pacific degu Octodon pacificus[12] |
1994 |
Mocha Island, Chile | -- |
Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae [13] |
1942 |
Peru | -- |
Birds
Recent bird extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Alejandro Selkirk Island firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi |
1908 |
Chile | |
Colombian grebe Podiceps andinus |
1970 |
Colombia | -- |
Darwin's ground finch Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris |
1957 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
Niceforo's pintail Anas georgica niceforoi |
1952 |
Colombia | -- |
San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius |
1980s |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | -- |
Red-throated wood-rail Aramides gutturalis |
1843 |
Peru | |
Possibly extinct birds
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Antioquia brush finch Atlapetes blancae |
1971 |
Colombia | -- |
Bogota sunangel Heliangelus zusii |
1907 |
Colombia | -- |
Northern curlew Numenius borealis |
1939 (South America), 1962 (North America) |
Brazil,
Argentina, Perú and Chile. |
|
Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus |
1960s |
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay | |
Hooded seedeater Sporophila melanops |
1823 |
Brazil | -- |
Letitia's thorntail Discosura letitiae |
1852 |
Bolivia | |
Turquoise-throated puffleg Eriocnemis godini |
1850 |
Colombia and Ecuador | |
Amphibians
Recent amphibian extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Atelopus vogli[14] | 1933 |
Venezuela | -- |
Spiny-knee leaf frog Phrynomedusa fimbriata[15] |
1920s |
Brazil | -- |
Possibly extinct amphibians
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Chile Darwin's frog Rhinoderma rufum[16] |
1980 |
Chile | -- |
Reptiles
Recent reptile extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Charles Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra[17] |
1850 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | |
Pinta Island tortoise Chelonoidis abingdonii[18] |
June 24, 2012 |
Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | |
Fish
Recent fish extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Greasefish Rhizosomichthys totae[19] |
unknown |
Colombia | -- |
Titicaca orestias Orestias cuvieri[20] |
1930s |
Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru | |
Mollusks
Common name\scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
---|---|---|---|
Biotocus turbinatus |
unknown |
Brazil | |
Digerus gibberulus |
unknown |
Brazil | -- |
Littoridina gaudichaudii |
1933 |
Ecuador | |
Megalobulimus cardosoi |
unknown |
Brazil | -- |
Worms
- Rhinodrilus fafner
1912, Brazil
Insects
- Megadytes ducalis[21]
unknown, Brazil - Rhantus orbignyi[22]
unknown, Argentina and Brazil
See also
- List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct birds
- Extinct in the wild
- Lazarus taxon
References
- Leite, Y. & Patterson, B. (2008). "Juscelinomys candango (Candango Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kovacs, K. (2008). "Monachus tropicalis (Caribbean Monk Seal, West Indian Monk Seal, West Indian Seal)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys darwini (Darwin's Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- IUCN SSC Canid Specialist Group (2008). "Dusicyon australis (Falkland Island Wolf, Falklands Wolf)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Weksler, M. & Tirira, D. (2008). "Megaoryzomys curioi (Galapágos Giant Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tirira, D.; Dowler, R.; Boada, C. & Weksler, M. (2008). "Nesoryzomys indefessus (Indefatigable Galapagos Mouse)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Turvey, S. (2008). "Desmodus draculae (Giant Vampire Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Amori, G. & Schipper, J. (2008). "Lagostomus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Diaz M. & Barquez, R. (2008). "\Cryptonanus ignitus (Red-bellied Gracile Mouse Opossum, Red-bellied Gracile Opossum)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Weksler, M. & Costa, L. (2008). "Noronhomys vespuccii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Flores, D. & Teta, P. (1996). "Monodelphis unistriata (One-striped Opossum, One-striped Short-tailed Opossum, Single-striped Opossum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ojeda, R. & Bidau, C. (2008). "Octodon pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Zeballos, H. & Vivar, E. (1996). "Melanomys zunigae (Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Stefan Lötters; Enrique La Marca; Miguel Vences (2004). "54561". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz; Bruno Pimenta (2004). "Phrynomedusa fimbriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Alberto Veloso; Herman Núñez; Helen Díaz-Paéz; Ramón Formas (2010). "Rhinoderma rufum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. nigra (Charles Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group (1996). "Chelonoidis nigra ssp. abingdoni (Abingdon Island Tortoise)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhizosomichthys totae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Orestias cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 29, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megadytes ducalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhantus orbignyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Bibliographies
- BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
- IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
- Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from https://web.archive.org/web/20111013123736/http://extinct.petermaas.nl/ on 25/3/2006
External links
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