Lingual antimicrobial peptide

Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) describes a peptide that has been found in mammalian internal epithelial tissue, in particular, that of the digestive tract. It has antimicrobial activity against many different pathogens. It was first isolated from an inflamed cattle tongue, hence its designation as lingual.[1] Since then it has been found more extensively throughout the body;[2] its presence has even been detected in bovine milk.[3] It belongs to the family of beta-defensins and has the amino acid sequence QGVRNSQSCRRNKGICVPIRCPGSMRQIGTCLGAQVKCCRRK. Its expression is selective and increases in inflamed areas. LAP may have a closer relationship with immune response than simple antimicrobial activity, such as an association with growth factor activity.[4]

References
  1. Schonwetter, BS; Stolzenberg, ED; Zasloff, MA (Mar 17, 1995). "Epithelial antibiotics induced at sites of inflammation". Science. 267 (5204): 1645–8. doi:10.1126/science.7886453. PMID 7886453.
  2. Stolzenberg, ED; Anderson, GM; Ackermann, MR; Whitlock, RH; Zasloff, M (Aug 5, 1997). "Epithelial antibiotic induced in states of disease". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (16): 8686–90. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8686. PMC 23078. PMID 9238038.
  3. Isobe, N; Nakamura, J; Nakano, H; Yoshimura, Y (June 2009). "Existence of functional lingual antimicrobial peptide in bovine milk". Journal of Dairy Science. 92 (6): 2691–5. doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1940. PMID 19448002.
  4. Mak, P; Wójcik, K; Thogersen, IB; Dubin, A (November 1996). "Isolation, antimicrobial activities, and primary structures of hamster neutrophil defensins". Infection and Immunity. 64 (11): 4444–9. PMC 174396. PMID 8890190.

Citations

Huttner, KM; Brezinski-Caliguri, DJ; Mahoney, MM; Diamond, G (February 1998). "Antimicrobial peptide expression is developmentally regulated in the ovine gastrointestinal tract". The Journal of Nutrition. 128 (2 Suppl): 297S–299S. PMID 9478010.


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