Light pillar

A light pillar is an atmospheric optical phenomenon in which a vertical beam of light appears to extend above and/or below a light source. The effect is created by the reflection of light from tiny ice crystals that are suspended in the atmosphere or that comprise high-altitude clouds (e.g. cirrostratus or cirrus clouds).[1]. If the light comes from the Sun (usually when it is near or even below the horizon), the phenomenon is called a sun pillar or solar pillar. Light pillars can also be caused by the Moon or terrestrial sources, such as streetlights.

Nocturnal light pillars caused by light reflected through ice fog in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada

Formation
Scheme of light pillars formation

Since they are caused by the interaction of light with ice crystals, light pillars belong to the family of halos. The crystals responsible for light pillars usually consist of flat, hexagonal plates, which tend to orient themselves more or less horizontally as they fall through the air. Each flake acts as a tiny mirror which reflects light sources which are appropriately positioned below it (See drawing), and the presence of flakes at a spread of altitudes causes the reflection to be elongated vertically into a column. The larger and more numerous the crystals, the more pronounced this effect becomes. (More rarely, column-shaped crystals can cause light pillars as well.[2] In very cold weather, the ice crystals can be suspended near the ground, in which case they are referred to as diamond dust.) [3]

Unlike a light beam, a light pillar is not physically located above or below the light source. Its appearance as a vertical line is an optical illusion, resulting from the collective reflection off the ice crystals; but only those that are in the common vertical plane, direct the light rays towards the observer (See drawing). This is similar to the reflection of a light source in a body of water, but in this case there are a million lakes adding to the effect. [4]

Images
  • Light pillars in London, Ontario, Canada
  • Light Pillars caused by artificial lights, over North Bay Ontario, Canada
  • Pillars from uncovered work lights above University of Alaska Fairbanks
  • Sunset with prominent sun pillar near Tucson, Arizona.
  • Sun pillar in San Francisco, California.
  • Light pillars on a winter night in Laramie, Wyoming.
  • Light Pillars during a cold January 2016 winter night in Stockholm, Sweden.
  • A lower sun pillar seen in the Antarctic.
  • A sun pillar seen in Ohio in January 2015.
  • Light Pillars in Rochester, New York in the early morning hours of December 27, 1993.
  • Light pillar just after sunset from the Netherlands 2019 Apr 4.
  • Light pillar in the Wasatch Mountains of Utah
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See also

References
  1. Colonne lumineuse by the World Meteorological Organization.
  2. "Sun pillars from column crystals". www.atoptics.co.uk.
  3. "APOD: 2013 December 18 – Light Pillars over Finland". apod.nasa.gov.
  4. "Light Pillars". www.atoptics.co.uk.
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