Outline of life forms

Life form (also spelled life-form or lifeform) is an entity that is living,[1][2] such as plants (flora) and animals (fauna). It is estimated that more than 99% of all species that ever existed on Earth, amounting to over five billion species,[3] are extinct.[4][5]

Life timeline

-4500 —

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-4000 —

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-3500 —

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-3000 —

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-2500 —

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-2000 —

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-1500 —

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-1000 —

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-500 —

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0 —

Water

Single-celled
life

Photosynthesis

Eukaryotes

Multicellular
life

Arthropods Molluscs

Plants

Dinosaurs

Mammals

Flowers

Birds

Primates

←

Earth (−4540)

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P
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P
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A
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H
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Karoo

Ice Ages

(

Archaea

Archaea – a domain of single-celled microorganisms, morphologically similar to bacteria, but they possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably the enzymes involved in transcription and translation. Many archaea are extremophiles, which means living in harsh environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes, but they have since been found in a broad range of habitats.
- Crenarchaeota – a phylum of the Archaea kingdom. Initially
  - Thermoprotei
    - Sulfolobales – grow in terrestrial volcanic hot springs with optimum growth occurring
- Euryarchaeota – In the taxonomy of microorganisms
  - Haloarchaea
    - Halobacteriales – in taxonomy, the Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.
  - Methanobacteria
    - Methanobacteriales – information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues.
  - Methanococci
    - Methanococcales aka Methanocaldococcus jannaschii – hermophilic methanogenic archaea, meaning that it thrives at high temperatures and produces methane
  - Methanomicrobia
    - Methanosarcinales – In taxonomy, the Methanosarcinales are an order of the Methanomicrobia
  - Methanopyri
    - Methanopyrales – In taxonomy, the Methanopyrales are an order of the methanopyri.
  - Thermococci
    - Thermococcales
  - Thermoplasmata
    - Thermoplasmatales – An order of aerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom
- Halophiles – organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations
- Korarchaeota
  - Korarchaeum cryptofilum – These archaea have only been found in high temperature hydrothermal environments, particularly hot springs
- Lokiarchaeota
- Methanogens
- Nanoarchaeota
  - Nanoarchaeum equitans – This organism was discovered in 2002 and lives inside another archaea.
- Psychrophiles – (sigh-crow-files)
- Thaumarchaeota – a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum
- thermophilic – (a thermophile is an organism)

Bacteria

Bacteria
- Gram positive no outer membrane
  - Actinobacteria (high-G+C)
  - Firmicutes (low-G+C)
  - Tenericutes (no wall)
- Gram negative outer membrane present
  - Aquificae
  - Deinococcus-Thermus
  - Fibrobacteres/Chlorobi/Bacteroidetes (FCB group)
  - Frateuria aurantia (a species of Proteobacteria)
  - Fusobacteria
  - Gemmatimonadetes
  - Nitrospirae
  - Planctomycetes/Verrucomicrobia/Chlamydiae (PVC group)
  - Proteobacteria
  - Spirochaetes
  - Synergistetes
- Unknown / ungrouped

Eukaryote

Eukaryote – organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes.
- Unikonta
  - Opisthokonta
    - Animal – multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.
      - Subkingdom Parazoa
        Porifera
        
        Placozoa
      - Subkingdom Eumetazoa
        Radiata (unranked)
        Ctenophora
        
        Cnidaria
        
        Bilateria (unranked)
        Orthonectida
        
        Rhombozoa
        
        Acoelomorpha
        
        Chaetognatha
        
        Superphylum Deuterostomia
        Chordata
        
        Hemichordata
        
        Echinodermata
        
        Xenoturbellida
        
        Vetulicolia †
        
        Protostomia (unranked)
        Superphylum Ecdysozoa
        Kinorhyncha
        
        Loricifera
        
        Priapulida
        
        Nematoda
        
        Nematomorpha
        
        Lobopodia
        
        Onychophora
        
        Tardigrada
        
        Arthropoda
        
        Superphylum Platyzoa
        Platyhelminthes
        
        Gastrotricha
        
        Rotifera
        
        Acanthocephala
        
        Gnathostomulida
        
        Micrognathozoa
        
        Cycliophora
        
        Superphylum Lophotrochozoa
        Sipuncula
        
        Hyolitha †
        
        Nemertea
        
        Phoronida
        
        Bryozoa
        
        Entoprocta
        
        Brachiopoda
        
        Mollusca
        
        Annelida
        
        Echiura
    - Mesomycetozoa
    - Fungi – any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms.
  - Amoebozoa
    - Conosa
      - Mycetozoa (slime-molds)
      - Archamoebae
    - Lobosa
    - Protamoebae
- Bikonta
  - Apusozoa
  - Excavata
  - Archaeplastida (plants, broadly defined)
    - Glaucophyta – glaucophytes
    - Rhodophyceae – red algae
    - Chloroplastida
    - Chlorophyta – green algae (part)
    - Ulvophyceae
    - Trebouxiophyceae
    - Chlorophyceae
    - Chlorodendrales – green algae (part)
    - Prasinophytae – green algae (part)
    - Mesostigma
    - Charophyta sensu lato – green algae (part) and land plants
      - Streptophytina – stoneworts and land plants
        Charales – stoneworts
        
        Plantae – land plants (embryophytes)
  - SAR supergroup

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References

"life form". World English Dictionary. Dictionary.com. 2009.
"life form". Online Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.
Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin, eds. (31 December 1996). The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences. ISBN 978-0412633805. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
Stearns, Beverly Peterson; Stearns, S. C.; Stearns, Stephen C. (2000). Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. Yale University Press. p. preface x. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
Novacek, Michael J. (8 November 2014). "Prehistory's Brilliant Future". New York Times. Retrieved 2014-12-25.

External links

Life (Systema Naturae 2000)
Vitae (BioLib)
Biota (Taxonomicon)
Wikispecies – a free directory of life
MicrobeWiki, extensive wiki about bacteria and viruses

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[1] "life form". World English Dictionary. Dictionary.com. 2009.

[2] "life form". Online Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.

[Book-Biology-3] Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin, eds. (31 December 1996). The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences. ISBN 978-0412633805. Retrieved 26 May 2015.

[StearnsStearns2000-4] Stearns, Beverly Peterson; Stearns, S. C.; Stearns, Stephen C. (2000). Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. Yale University Press. p. preface x. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6. Retrieved 30 May 2017.

[NYT-20141108-MJN-5] Novacek, Michael J. (8 November 2014). "Prehistory's Brilliant Future". New York Times. Retrieved 2014-12-25.