Leptopentacta elongata

Leptopentacta elongata is a species of sea cucumber in the family Cucumariidae. It is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and parts of the Mediterranean Sea. It is an infaunal species, occupying a burrow in the seabed, from which its anterior and posterior ends project.

Leptopentacta elongata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Class:
Holothuroidea
Order:
Dendrochirotida
Family:
Cucumariidae
Genus:
Leptopentacta
Species:
L. elongata
Binomial name
Leptopentacta elongata
(Düben & Koren, 1846)[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Cucumaria cucumis (Risso, 18??)
  • Cucumaria elongata Düben & Koren, 1846
  • Cucumaria pentactes Forbes, 1841 non (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Holothuria fusiformis Forbes & Goodsir, 1839
  • Trachythyone elongata (Düben & Koren, 1846)

Description

Leptopentacta elongata is a slender, greyish-brown sea cucumber with a U-shaped, or sometimes S-shaped body, reaching a maximum length of about 10 cm (4 in). It dwells in a burrow in the sediment, with the two extremities projecting.[2] The dorsal surface is covered with darker brown or grey, conical projections. In small specimens, the ventral surface bears five longitudinal rows of tube feet, and in larger specimens, it bears five double rows. The cuticle is leathery, stiffened by numerous smooth ossicles, small irregular perforated plates which form part of the body wall. The mouth, at the anterior end, is surrounded by a ring of tentacles, eight being large and much-branched, with the two on the ventral side being short and forked.[2] The anus is at the posterior end of the body.[3]

Distribution and habitat

This sea cucumber is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Its range extends from Norway to Morocco, and it occurs on sandy and muddy seabeds at depths down to about 110 m (360 ft).[3]

Ecology

Leptopentacta elongata is a suspension feeder, consuming diatoms, single-cell algae and organic particles, as well as zooplankton, such as copepods, ostracods, protozoans, nematodes, jellyfish and larvae. It uses its eight feeding tentacles to gather particles, each shrinking and bending, in an apparently random order, to transfer the food to the mouth. The two ventral tentacles are used in coordination with the other tentacles, being folded around the feeding tentacles so that the forks scrape off the food fragments when the larger tentacles are withdrawn from the mouth; in some other sea cucumbers with similar feeding habits, such as Pawsonia saxicola, the forked tentacles seem to act entirely independently and do not coordinate their actions with the larger tentacles.[4]

This sea cucumber can hibernate in the winter. In preparation for this, and perhaps in preparation for reproduction, it accumulates and stores lipid droplets in the enterocytes in the lining of the gut.[5]

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gollark: Metric time is just using seconds with SI prefixes.
gollark: Decimal time is the French revolution thing where they split the day into 10 hours and whatnot.
gollark: I think you may be confusing metric and decimal time.

References
  1. Paulay, Gustav (2019). "Leptopentacta elongata (Düben & Koren, 1846)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  2. Reich, Mike; Reitner, Joachim; Roden, Vanessa & Thuy, Ben, eds. (2010). Echinoderm Research 2010: Abstract Volume and Field Guide to Excursions. Universitätsverlag Gottingen. p. 138. ISBN 978-3-941875-68-5.
  3. Rives, Ashlea. "Trachythyone elongata". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  4. Jangoux, Michel & Lawrence, John M. (1982). Echinoderm Nutrition. CRC Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.
  5. Jangoux, Michel & Lawrence, John M. (1982). Echinoderm Nutrition. CRC Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-90-6191-080-0.
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