Leptodactylus spixi

Leptodactylus spixi
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Leptodactylidae
Genus:	Leptodactylus
Species:	L. spixi
Binomial name
	Leptodactylus spixi; Heyer, 1983[2]

Leptodactylus spixi is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil and occurs in the Atlantic forests of the Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro states.[3][4] The specific name spixi honors Johann Baptist von Spix,[2][5] a German naturalist who worked in Brazil.[5] Prior to its description, this species had been referred to as Leptodactylus mystaceus (Spix, 1824).[2] Common name Spix's white-lipped frog has been coined for this species.[3][5]

Description

Adult males measure 39–47 mm (1.5–1.9 in) and adult females 39–49 mm (1.5–1.9 in) in snout–vent length;[4] sexual size dimorphism is not significant in this species.[6] The snout is subelliptical from above and rounded with protruding ridge in lateral profile. The tympanum is large and distinct, as is the supratympanic fold. The dorsum is smooth but has a pair of well-developed dorsolateral folds from behind eye to hind leg. The dorsum has irregular darker brown markings on lighter brown background. The markings include an irregular interorbital backward-pointing triangle and chevrons in the suprascapular region. The dorsolateral folds are barely highlighted by darker brown color. A dark canthal stripe runs from the nostril to the tympanum, interrupted by eye. A distinct light stripe runs from the tip of the snout, below the dark canthal stripe, under eye and tympanum to angle of jaw. The upper lip has slightly darker shading below the light stripe The limbs are barred above. The venter is immaculate.[2] Some individuals lack markings, while a light mid-dorsal stripe is seldom present.[6] Males have a slight external lateral vocal fold but no well-developed vocal sac.[2]

Habitat and conservation

Leptodactylus spixi occurs in the Atlantic Forest.[4] When last assessed by IUCN, this species was considered very common and of "least concern".[1] However, this information pertains to species delimitation that is broader (range extending north to Ceará)[1] than currently applied.[3][4]

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References

Heyer, R.; Arzabe, C. & Carnaval, A.C. (2010). "Leptodactylus spixi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T57167A11594429. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T57167A11594429.en.
Heyer, W. Ronald (1983). "Clarification of the names Rana mystacea Spix, 1824, Leptodactylus amazonicus Heyer, 1978 and a description of a new species, Leptodactylus spixi (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 96: 270–272. hdl:10088/1895.
Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Leptodactylus spixi Heyer, 1983". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
de Sá, Rafael O.; Grant, Taran; Camargo, Arley; Heyer, W. Ronald; Ponssa, Maria L. & Stanley, Edward (2014). "Systematics of the Neotropical genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the relevance of non-molecular evidence, and species accounts". South American Journal of Herpetology. 9 (Spec. Issue 1): S1–S100. doi:10.2994/sajh-d-13-00022.1.
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
Heyer, W. Ronald (1978). "Systematics of the fuscus group of the frog genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)" (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin. 29: 1–85. N.b. Leptodactylus spixi was discussed as Leptodactylus mystaceus on p- 64 in this publication.

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[IUCN-1] Heyer, R.; Arzabe, C. & Carnaval, A.C. (2010). "Leptodactylus spixi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T57167A11594429. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T57167A11594429.en.

[Heyer_1983-2] Heyer, W. Ronald (1983). "Clarification of the names Rana mystacea Spix, 1824, Leptodactylus amazonicus Heyer, 1978 and a description of a new species, Leptodactylus spixi (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 96: 270–272. hdl:10088/1895.

[Frost-3] Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Leptodactylus spixi Heyer, 1983". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 21 July 2018.

[de_Sá_et_al._2014-4] Sá, Rafael O.; Grant, Taran; Camargo, Arley; Heyer, W. Ronald; Ponssa, Maria L. & Stanley, Edward (2014). "Systematics of the Neotropical genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the relevance of non-molecular evidence, and species accounts". South American Journal of Herpetology. 9 (Spec. Issue 1): S1–S100. doi:10.2994/sajh-d-13-00022.1.

[Beolens_et_al._2013-5] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.

[Heyer_1978-6] Heyer, W. Ronald (1978). "Systematics of the fuscus group of the frog genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)" (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin. 29: 1–85. N.b. Leptodactylus spixi was discussed as Leptodactylus mystaceus on p- 64 in this publication.