Lehmann's poison frog

Lehmann's poison frog or the red-banded poison frog (Oophaga lehmanni) is a species of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to a small part of western Colombia.[2] Its natural habitats are submontane tropical rainforests. It is threatened by habitat loss and collection for the pet trade, and the IUCN lists it as being "critically endangered".[1] It was named after Colombian conservation biologist Federico Carlos Lehmann.

Lehmann's poison frog
red morph

Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Dendrobatidae
Genus: Oophaga
Species:
O. lehmanni
Binomial name
Oophaga lehmanni
(Myers and Daly, 1976)
Synonyms[2][3]

Dendrobates lehmanni Myers and Daly, 1976

Description

Lehmann's poison frog has a smooth skin and exhibits aposematic colouration, which warns predators that it is inedible. There are red, orange and yellow morphs of this frog. The background colour is black or dark brown which contrasts with the two bright, broad bands of colour round the body and further coloured bands on the limbs. The first toe is shorter than the second and the toes of males have silver tips. This frog grows to a snout-to-vent length of 31 to 36 mm (1.2 to 1.4 in).[3]

It is very similar in appearance to the harlequin poison frog (Oophaga histrionicus), a species with which it can hybridise, and there is ongoing debate as to whether it is in fact a separate species. There are distinct differences in the calls of the males between northern and southern populations.[3]

Distribution

Lehmann's poison frog is endemic to Colombia where it is found in tropical forests in the drainage of the Anchicayá River to the west of Dagua in Valle del Cauca Department, as well as in one locality in Chocó Department, all on the slopes of the Cordillera Occidental. Its altitudinal range is 600–1,200 m (1,969–3,937 ft).[1][2][4] There are several separate populations and the total area of occupancy is less than 10 km2 (3.9 sq mi).[1]

Biology

Lehmann's poison frog is diurnal and primarily feeds on small insects. It is found on the forest floor and in low vegetation. Breeding takes place at the end of the rainy season. The male chooses a suitable location and calls repeatedly to attract a female. She deposits a small number of large eggs on leaves up to 120 cm (4 ft) above the forest floor where the male fertilises them. He keeps them moist and rotates them occasionally and after two to four weeks he carries them on his back and deposits them singly in small temporary water pools in such places as hollows in trees, water-filled bromeliad rosettes and bamboo stalks. Here the tadpoles develop and the female periodically deposits unfertilised eggs in the water on which they feed. If there are several tadpoles in any water body, cannibalism may occur.[3]

In the wild, Lehmann's poison frog is toxic, but in captivity it loses its toxicity because this is derived from its diet.[3]

Status

Lehmann's poison frog is only found in a very small area of Colombia. It is fully protected in its native country, considered critically endangered by the IUCN and listed on CITES Appendix II.[1] Once a common species in its tiny range, recent surveys have found that it is now very rare.[5] Threats to its survival are the degradation of its habitat due to timber extraction and illegal agriculture, and collection for the pet trade.[1][6] It is present in the Parque Nacional Natural Farallones de Cali.[1] In an attempt of countering the continued illegal collection of wild individuals, a farm that breeds this species and other Colombian poison frogs in captivity has been started in Colombia, both providing legal frogs for the pet market (instead of illegal wild caught) and an income for the local community.[5][7]

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gollark: My point is obvious.
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gollark: See, I'm me, but you're not me.
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References
  1. Wilmar Bolívar; Fernando Castro; Stefan Lötters (2004). "Oophaga lehmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T55190A11255085. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55190A11255085.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Oophaga lehmanni (Myers and Daly, 1976)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  3. Phoebe Lehmann (2003-01-11). "Oophaga lehmanni". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
  4. Acosta-Galvis, A.R. (2014). "Oophaga lehmanni (Myers & Daly, 1976)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.03.2014. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  5. Pool, J.R. (18 November 2015). "Farmed and legally exported Colombian poison frogs take on the illegal pet trade". Mongabay. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  6. Diemer, Doug (2001). "Oophaga lehmanni". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
  7. Rueda, M.; C. Garcia (24 May 2019). "Colombian breeds rare frogs to undermine animal traffickers". AP News. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
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