Layton & Johnstone

Layton & Johnstone were an American vocal and piano duo in the 1920s and 1930s, consisting of Turner Layton (baritone and piano) and Clarence “Tandy” Johnstone (tenor). After forming in New York City in 1922, they moved to England two years later and met with immediate success. Between 1924 and 1935, they sold over 10 million records.[1] They appeared at top venues in London, Paris and across Europe, and gave command performances for the British royal family on numerous occasions. They also appeared frequently on BBC Radio. The duo disbanded in 1935 after Clarence Johnstone became involved in a highly publicized divorce scandal.

Layton & Johnstone
Turner Layton and Clarence "Tandy" Johnstone. From The Crisis, January 1933.
Background information
OriginNew York City
Years active1922 (1922)–1935 (1935)
Past membersTurner Layton and Clarence “Tandy” Johnstone

History

Early history

John Turner Layton Jr. (1894 –1978) was born in Washington, D.C., and in 1916 moved to New York City, where he soon formed a successful songwriting team with Henry Creamer. Clarence Nathaniel "Tandy" Johnstone (1885 – 1953)[1] was an orthopedic surgeon from Manhattan who also worked as an entertainer.[2] After Layton’s songwriting partnership with Creamer ended in 1922, he turned his attention to performing. Johnstone, speaking with a newspaper reporter in 1948, gave his version of meeting Layton and forming the duo. "It was in 1922, at the Biltmore Hotel, that I met Turner Layton. He was well known and was looking for a partner whose voice blended with his. We ran through 'Japanese Sandman'—and the team of Layton and Johnstone was born. It was a natural."[3] The two performed in Harlem and at private parties for wealthy patrons that included members of the Astor and Vanderbilt families. In a 1984 article for The Black Perspective in Music, Henry Robsinon wrote that Layton & Johnstone "followed their clients to Palm Beach in the winter and to Newport in the summer, returning to New York for the autumn and spring."[4] In Florida, Lord and Lady Mountbatten heard them perform and convinced them to go to England.

Career in England

Layton & Johnstone arrived in England in 1924, performing at exclusive London clubs such as the Kit Kat and large venues like The Coliseum and The Holborn Empire. One of their fans was Edward, Prince of Wales, who would later become King Edward VIII. Robinson states, "The Prince took a liking to the talented pair and on several occasions invited them to entertain at his residence, St. James’s Palace."[4]

The duo also had successful engagements at major theatres across Europe, including Berlin, Brussels and in Paris at the Salle Pleyel. They were frequent performers on BBC Radio and appeared in a motion picture in 1931.[2]

They recorded extensively for the British imprint of Columbia Records, scoring major hits with such songs as "All Alone," "(You Forgot to) Remember" and "Sonny Boy," the latter selling over a million copies.[1] Peter Martland has stated that Layton & Johnstone were "amongst the most successful and prolific recording artists active in Britain during the period 1918 to 1931."[5] A British review of Layton & Johnstone from 1924 said, "One partner is at the piano but both sing, and their vocal work is of capital quality, harmonies being delightfully done."[6] Their performing and recording repertoire included many tunes that would become standards in the Great American Songbook, along with spirituals, blues, show tunes and other popular songs of the day. They recorded early versions of songs by composers such as Irving Berlin, George and Ira Gershwin, and Cole Porter.

In his book, Harlem in Montmartre, William A. Shack says, "Layton and Johnstone displayed a refined musical technique different from that of other black artists appearing in popular clubs in London and Paris. Their mixed repertoire of songs, including 'Dinah,' 'Hallelujah,' 'Blue Heaven,' and 'Every Sunday Afternoon,' combined a touch of jazz with a nod toward Negro spirituals.... It was jazz in a form unusual for its time."[2]

Break Up and After

In 1934, Clarence Johnstone became embroiled in a highly publicized divorce case involving the wife of popular orchestra leader and violinist Albert Sandler. The interracial affair caused a stir in England, leading the judge in the divorce case to warn the jury that when deciding damages they must "get out of their heads any idea of vindictiveness because of colour."[7] After finishing out their existing recording and performing contracts, Layton & Johnstone broke up the act in 1935.

Afterwards, Turner Layton had a successful solo career, remaining in England until his death in 1978. Clarence Johnstone eventually married Raymonde Gilberte Defly Sandler in December 1935. He began a new partnership with Jules Bledsoe in early 1936, but the act broke up shortly thereafter. Johnstone and his wife eventually returned to New York City, where he died in 1953.[8]

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References
  1. Friedwald, Will. A Biographical Guide to the Great Jazz and Pop Singers (New York : Pantheon Books, 2010), 582
  2. Shack, William A. Harlem in Montmartre: A Paris Jazz Story Between the Great Wars (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 87.
  3. "Remember Tandy Johnstone? Former Half of Famed Layton-Johnstone Team Laughs Off Rumors, Is Well and Happy in N.Y." The Afro American (Baltimore, Maryland), December 11, 1948. Afro Magazine Section, p.10 via Google News.
  4. Robinson, Henry S. "Musical Ambassador to London." The Black Perspective in Music, 12, no. 2 (Autumn, 1984): 235-243. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1215024.
  5. Martland, Peter. Recording History: The British Record Industry, 1888-1931 (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2013), 312-313.
  6. Sampson, Henry T. Blacks in Blackface: A Sourcebook on Early Black Musical Shows (Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 2013), 469.
  7. "Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division. Mr. Albert Sandler Awarded £2,500 Divorce Damages, Sandler V. Sandler, Davies, And Johnstone." The Times (London, England), March 8, 1934. via Times Digital Archive.
  8. "Johnstone Quits Stage; White Wife Supports Him as He Waits Income Tax Decision." The Plaindealer (Kansas City, Kansas), April 03, 1936. via America's Historical Newspapers.
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