Lamellaria perspicua

Lamellaria perspicua, commonly known as the transparent lamellaria,[2] is a species of small, slug-like sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Velutinidae. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea where it feeds on colonial ascidians (sea squirts).[3]

Lamellaria perspicua
Upper side of L. perspicua
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Velutinoidea
Family:	Velutinidae
Subfamily:	Lamellariinae
Genus:	Lamellaria
Species:	L. perspicua
Binomial name
Lamellaria perspicua (Linnaeus, 1758)[1]
Synonyms[1]
Bulla haliotoidea Montagu, 1803 Helix neritoidea Gmelin, 1791 Helix perspicua Linnaeus, 1758 Lamellaria cochinella Perry L., 1939 Sigaretus kindelaninus Michaud, 1828

Description

Underside of L. perspicua

The shell is not visible externally because it is completely surrounded by the mantle. The shell is thin, smooth and fragile, and consists of two to three whorls with a short spire. The last whorl is 95% of the total height of the shell. The aperture is very wide and somewhat spoon-shaped, being extended slightly to the right. There is no operculum and the shell is up to 10 mm (0.4 in) long.[4]

The animal grows to about 20 mm (0.8 in) long by 12 mm (0.5 in) wide and is oval in shape, with a siphonal notch at the front. The dorsal surface of the mantle bears tubercular projections, the margins are thickened and there is a siphon-like extension at the front. The colour is variable, varying from grey to lilac, yellowish, buff or orange, sometimes with black flecks.[4][5]

Distribution and habitat

Lamellaria perspicua is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from Iceland and Norway southwards to the Mediterranean Sea and includes the North Sea and the English Channel. Its depth range is from low water at spring tides down to about 1,200 m (4,000 ft). It conceals itself under rocks and can be found in areas where compound ascidians grow.[4]

Ecology

This snail both feeds on ascidians and lays its eggs on them. The colour and texture of the mollusc often closely resemble the surface of the compound ascidian on which it is living, which fact renders the mollusc well-camouflaged.[6] Some individuals have red patches which resemble small colonies of sponge, and others have been observed with the tubercles coloured in such a way as to resemble acorn barnacles. These colourings make it difficult for potential predators to detect the molluscs, and another defensive mechanism is acid-secreting glands in the dorsal epidermis that make the molluscs distasteful to fish.[6]

Breeding takes place in spring and summer in this species. The sexes are separate and fertilisation is internal. The female deposits batches of up to 3000 eggs in capsules deposited in holes she has gnawed in the ascidian colony. The larvae hatch after about three weeks and are pelagic, probably drifting with the plankton for quite a long time.[5]

References

1. Gofas, Serge (2004). "Lamellaria perspicua (Linnaeus, 1758)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
2. "Transparent lamellaria shell, Lamellaria perspicua". RAMM. Exeter City Council. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
3. "Lamellaria perspicua (Linnaeus, 1758)". BioInfo (UK). Retrieved 17 March 2019.
4. de Kluijver, M.J.; Ingalsuo, S.S.; de Bruyne, R.H. "Lamellaria perspicua". Mollusca of the North Sea. Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
5. Fish, J.D.; Fish, S. (2011). A Student's Guide to the Seashore. Cambridge University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-1-139-49451-9.
6. Walls, Jerry G. (1982). Encyclopedia of Marine Invertebrates. TFH Publications. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-86622-141-2.