Lacustuary

A lacustuary is a freshwater body of water where river and lake waters mix. Lacustuaries are nonmoving or "slack" water, although water in them can ebb and flow due to lake waves moving in and out, and the rising and falling lake water levels.

A lacustuary is that portion of a freshwater river or stream[1] where lake water and river/stream water mix.[2] The upper boundary of the lacustuary is that portion of the river directly affected by rising and falling water levels in the lake.[1] Lacustuaries are generally nonmoving or "slack" water.[3][lower-alpha 1]

Lacustuaries are not estuaries.[5] They are far less saline, as lacustuaries are freshwater bodies. Additionally lacustuaries tend to be less saline the closer to the lake, where as estuaries are more saline the closer to the ocean.[6] Lacustuaries, where river and lake waters meet and mix, have different functions than estuaries.[5] Their physical and biological characteristics are also much different from the free-flowing water further upstream, and they play important roles in the ecology of both lake and river ecosystems.[3] Lacustuary vegetation is also markedly different from shoreline and upland habitats.[7]

Not all streams which enter a lake have a lacustuary. Man-made ship channels may also be lacustuaries, depending on their slack water status.[3]

Citations
Notes
  1. In the context of lacustuaries, slack water is where the water velocity less than 0.1 knots (0.19 km/h; 0.12 mph) and there is only weak current.[4]
Citations
  1. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 2010, p. 13.
  2. Letterhos & Thoma 1998, p. 68.
  3. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 2010, p. 52.
  4. Woodworth & Haight 1927, p. 144.
  5. Thoma 1999, p. 419.
  6. Brant & Herdendorf 1972, pp. 710-718.
  7. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency 2010, p. 55.

Bibliography
  • Thoma, Roger F. (1999). "Biological Monitoring and an Index of Biotic Integrity for Lake Erie's Nearshore Waters". In Simon, Thomas P. (ed.). Assessing the Sustainability and Biological Integrity of Water Resources Using Fish Communities. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. ISBN 9780849340079.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Brant, Russell A.; Herdendorf, Charles E. (1972). "Delineation of Great Lakes Estuaries". Proceedings of the 15th Conference of Great Lakes Research. Ann Arbor, Mich.: International Association for Great Lakes Research.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Letterhos, Julie A.; Thoma, Roger F. (1998). "Lake Erie Basin Monitoring: An Ohio EPA Perspective". Proceedings of the 41st Conference of Great Lakes Research. Ann Arbor, Mich.: International Association for Great Lakes Research.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (February 2010). Compensatory Mitigation Requirements for Stream Impacts in the State of Ohio (Revision 5.0). Interested Party Review Draft (PDF). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Woodworth, R.W.; Haight, F.J. (1927). Tides and Currents in Southeast Alaska. Special Publication 127. Serial No. 354. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
gollark: If I was better at hardware things and actually had money for an FPGA it would be cool to run SHA256 on it and probably beat all the foolish people with nondedicated hardware.
gollark: Which is already quite low because Krist gives blocks quite fast and there aren't many miners.
gollark: Mining pools don't give random people more money, they just reduce the variance.
gollark: It runs on a proof of work thing too I am pretty sure.
gollark: If it was 51% of nodes, people could just run 19471248916249812648126182618256125871875819201279857120581 nodes on one computer and explode everything.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.