Kinngait Co-operative

The Kinngait Co-operative, also known as the West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative is an Inuit co-operative in Kinngait, Nunavut best known for its activities in buying, producing and selling Inuit artworks.[1][2] The co-operative is part of Arctic Co-operatives Limited, a group of locally owned businesses that provide fundamental services in the Canadian north. The co-operative sets prices for the sale of its member's works, pays the artists in advance and shares its profits with its members.[3]

The co-operative was established in 1959 by James Houston and Kananginak Pootoogook as an effort to encourage art making as an income stream for local residents. Since 1959 it has purchased over 100,000 artworks from local artists[4] and overseen the production of an annual edition of 50 prints by Kinngait artists.[5]

The co-operative's Kinngait operations and its printmaking studio, Kinngait Studios, are housed within the Kenojuak Cultural Centre and Print Shop.[6] The co-operative also operates Dorset Fine Arts, a commercial art gallery in Toronto, Ontario that is responsible for marketing and sale of art produced by the co-operative's members.[7][8]

History

In the late 1940s the printmaker James Archibald Houston visited West Baffin island and became enamoured by the sculptures being produced by some of its residents.[9][10] Following his return to Montreal, he became a "roving crafts officer" for the Canadian Handicrafts guild, representing Inuit artworks to southern audiences.[9] In this position he would buy Inuit artworks in the north and sell them in the south of Canada.[9] In 1954, following the decline of the local fur trade,[10] the Canadian government sent Houston to Kinngait, then called Cape Dorset, to start a printmaking studio as an alternate source of income for its residents.[11][9] There, he met and began collaborating with the Inuit artist Kananginak Pootoogook.[12] In 1959, they released a series of prints by Inuit artists that found immediate success.[13] The same year, they founded the West Baffin Eskimo co-operative as a business entity for local Inuit artists whose work was gaining in popularity at the time.[13][14][15] Kananginak Pootoogook was its first president.[1] In 1960 the Inuit management of the co-operative hired Terry Ryan, a recent Ontario College of Art graduate as the co-operative's general manager.[16][17]

In 1961, the Canadian Eskimo Arts Committee was established by the Canadian government, at the request of the co-operative. Its role was to set standards for the annual print edition, and to promote and market the works.[18] Operated by the Ottawa government, the committee had no Inuit members for the first twelve years of its existence, until 1973 when Joanasie Salomonie and Armand Tagoona became members.[19] The committee disbanded in 1989.[19]

Kent Ryan would stay with the co-operative until 2009; in 1978 he was instrumental in founding Dorset Fine Arts, the Toronto-based marketing arm of the co-operative.[17]

In 1977, after a fire destroyed the print studio and archive of the Sanavik Co-operative in Baker Lake,[20] the co-operative decided to move the bulk of its print collection into storage at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection. In 2019 the co-operative entered into an agreement with the McMichael to digitize over 100,000 prints and sculptures from the co-operative's collection.[21][4]

In 2018 the co-operative and the municipality of Kinngait (then Cape Dorset) collaborated to build the Kenojouak Cultural Center and Printshop to house the co-operative's operations.[22]

The co-operative celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2019 with a touring exhibition of works produced by its members.[23]

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References
  1. Martin, Sandra (September 11, 2012). Working the Dead Beat: 50 Lives that Changed Canada. House of Anansi. ISBN 9781770890497 – via Google Books.
  2. "Prints from the Far North | The Highlands Current". highlandscurrent.org. January 26, 2020.
  3. "Inuit art's renaissance is thawing cultural borders" – via The Globe and Mail.
  4. "Preserving history: Thousands of artworks from Cape Dorset to be digitized | CBC News".
  5. "A Toronto Specialty: Eskimo Stonecut Prints". The New York Times. March 14, 1982.
  6. "West Baffin Eskimo co-operative". October 31, 2019.
  7. Crandall, Richard C.; Crandall, Susan M. (July 25, 2015). An Annotated Bibliography of Inuit Art. McFarland. ISBN 9781476607436 – via Google Books.
  8. "Market for Inuit art faces financial deep freeze after Arctic cruises put on hold".
  9. "A History of the WBEC". West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative Ltd.
  10. "How three generations of women artists in one indigenous family tell the story of a century of change". Los Angeles Times. December 5, 2018.
  11. Austen, Ian (January 12, 2013). "Kenojuak Ashevak, Artist From the Canadian Arctic, Dies at 85". The New York Times.
  12. "Inuit art legend Kananginak Pootoogook dies at 75". Nunatsiaq News. November 28, 2010.
  13. Quinn, Eilís; Arctic, Eye on the (January 8, 2019). "Arctic Canadian co-operative behind renowned Inuit art program celebrates 60th anniversary".
  14. Lutz, Maija M. (November 12, 2012). Hunters, Carvers, and Collectors: The Chauncey C. Nash Collection of Inuit Art. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780873654074 – via Google Books.
  15. Fox, Margalit (April 22, 2005). "James A. Houston, Writer on Eskimo Life, Dies at 83". The New York Times.
  16. Martin, Sandra (September 11, 2012). Working the Dead Beat: 50 Lives that Changed Canada. House of Anansi. ISBN 9781770890497 – via Google Books.
  17. "Inuit art adviser Terry Ryan had a passion for the Arctic" – via The Globe and Mail.
  18. Auger, Emily Elisabeth (March 8, 2005). The Way of Inuit Art: Aesthetics and History in and Beyond the Arctic. McFarland. ISBN 9780786418886 – via Google Books.
  19. Foundation, Inuit Art. "What Gets Lost: The Canadian Eskimo Arts Council's Rejected Prints". Inuit Art Foundation.
  20. Alsop, Jennifer (May 1, 2010). "The History of Baker Lake (Sanavik) Co-operative" (PDF). p. 8. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  21. "Toronto gallery to digitize almost 100,000 Cape Dorset prints, drawings". Nunatsiaq News. August 8, 2019.
  22. "Dreamt of for decades, Cape Dorset finally gets a cultural centre". CBC News North. July 25, 2018. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  23. News, Nunatsiaq (May 27, 2019). "Late Nunavut artist's work to be featured in travelling exhibit".
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