King Alfred's Tower

King Alfred's Tower, also known as The Folly of King Alfred the Great or Stourton Tower, is a folly tower. It is in the parish of Brewham in the English county of Somerset, and was built as part of the Stourhead estate and landscape. The tower stands on Kingsettle Hill and belongs to the National Trust. It is designated as a grade I listed building.

King Alfred's Tower
Location within Somerset
General information
Town or cityBrewham, Somerset
CountryEngland
Coordinates51°06′53″N 2°21′54″W
Construction started1769
Completed1772
ClientHenry Hoare
Height49 metres (161 ft)
Design and construction
ArchitectHenry Flitcroft

Henry Hoare II planned the tower in the 1760s to commemorate the end of the Seven Years' War against France and the accession of King George III near the location of 'Egbert's Stone' where it is believed that Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, rallied the Saxons in May 878 before the important Battle of Edington. The tower was damaged by a plane in 1944 and restored in the 1980s.

The 49-metre-high (161 ft) triangular tower has a hollow centre and is climbed by means of a spiral staircase in one of the corner projections. It includes a statue of King Alfred and dedication inscription.

Location

The tower stands near the location of 'Egbert's Stone', where it was said that Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, rallied the Saxons in May 878 before the important Battle of Edington (historically known as the battle of Ethandun[1][2]), where the Danish army, led by Guthrum the Old was defeated.[3][4] It is the start of the Leland Trail, a 28-mile (45.1 km) footpath which runs from King Alfred's Tower to Ham Hill Country Park.[5]

History

The project to build the tower was conceived in 1762 by the banker Henry Hoare II (1705-1785).[6] The tower was also intended to commemorate the end of the Seven Years' War against France and the accession of King George III.[7]

Alfred's Tower is a monument to the genius of English landscape, many of whose loveliest haunts it commands, and to a man who certainly deserves to be remembered as among the great benefactors of the English scene. - Christopher Hussey, Country Life, 11 June 1938.[8]

In 1765 Henry Flitcroft, a Palladian architect, designed the tower.[4] Building began in 1769 or early 1770, and was completed in 1772 at an estimated cost between £5,000 and £6,000.[7] There may have been some delay due to difficulty in obtaining the bricks.[9] In addition to the commemorative function, the tower was also intended to serve as an eye-catching focus for those touring the parkland of the Stourhead Estate.[10][11] In April 1770, when the tower was just 4.7 metres (15 ft) high, Hoare is quoted as saying: 'I hope it will be finished in as happy Times to this Isle as Alfred finished his Life of Glory in then I shall depart in peace.'[12]

The tower was damaged in 1944 when an aeroplane, a Noorduyn Norseman ironically, crashed into it, resulting in the death of the five aircrew and damage to the highest 10 metres (33 ft).[13][14][15] It was designated as a Grade I listed building in 1961.[6][16] The tower was restored in 1986, which included the use of a Wessex helicopter to lower a 300-kilogram (47 st) stone onto the top. The statue of King Alfred was also restored at this time, including the replacement of his missing right forearm.[7]

Architecture
The turret above the stair-tower at the top of the tower.

The triangular tower is over 40 metres (131 ft) high with a girth of 51 metres (167 ft). Each of the three corners of the triangular structure has a round projection.[16] The centre of the tower is hollow and to stop birds from entering the space a mesh has been added at roof level. The viewing platform, which has a crenellated parapet and offers a view over the surrounding countryside, is reached by a 205-step spiral staircase at the corner furthest from the entrance.[4] The brick tower has Chilmark stone dressings and is surmounted by an embattled parapet.[17][18]

The 'front' (south-east) face of the tower has a Gothic-arched entrance door, a statue of King Alfred, and a stone panel bearing an inscription (see below). This is the face that most visitors see first when walking from Stourhead garden or from the nearby car park.

Inscription
Statue of King Alfred above the entrance

Around the Stourhead estate are several inscriptions. The one on the tower was drafted in 1762 and installed in 1772.[19] The stone tablet above the door on the east face of the tower reads:

"ALFRED THE GREAT
AD 879 on this Summit
Erected his Standard
Against Danish Invaders
To him We owe The Origin of Juries
The Establishment of a Militia
The Creation of a Naval Force
ALFRED The Light of a Benighted Age
Was a Philosopher and a Christian
The Father of his People
The Founder of the English
MONARCHY and LIBERTY"

The tower is mentioned in Thomas Hardy's poem "Channel Firing" (written in April 1914) as a place "far inland", and redolent of ancient times.[20]

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See also

References
  1. Lavelle, Ryan (2010). Alfred's Wars Sources and Interpretations of Anglo-Saxon Warfare in the Viking Age. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydel Press. pp. 308–314. ISBN 978-1-84383-569-1.
  2. Asser (1983). "Life of King Alfred". In Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael (eds.). Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred & Other Contemporary Sources. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0-14-044409-4. pp. 176 – 177 and fn. 90 p. 323
  3. Tobias, R.C. (Autumn 1967). "The Year's Work in Victorian Poetry: 1966". Victorian Poetry. 5 (3): 200. JSTOR 40001410.
  4. "King Alfred's Tower". King Alfred's Tower. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  5. "Leland Trail". Walking Pages. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  6. Historic England. "Alfred's Tower (1175610)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 1 April 2008.
  7. Holt, Jonathan (2007). Somerset Follies. Bath: Akeman Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-0-9546138-7-7.
  8. Hussey, Christopher (11 June 1938). "The Gardens at Stourhead, Wiltshire. The Seat of Sir Henry Hoare". Country Life.
  9. Woodbridge, Kenneth (March 1965). "Henry Hoare's Paradise". The Art Bulletin. 47 (1): 109. JSTOR 3048235.
  10. "Stourhead park (part), Alfred's Tower, Brewham". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  11. Kelsall, Malcolm (1983). "The Iconography of Stourhead". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. 46: 133–143. JSTOR 751117.
  12. Lapidge, Michael (2000). Anglo-Saxon England. Cambridge University Press. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-521-65203-2.
  13. "Additional Information". King Alfred's Tower. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  14. "King Alfred's Tower". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
  15. "Alfred's Tower". Folly Data. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  16. Historic England. "Alfred's Tower (1175610)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
  17. "Alfred's Tower, Kingsettle Hill (South side), Brewham". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  18. "Alfred's Tower, Brewham". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  19. Turner, James (March 1979). "The Structure of Henry Hoare's Stourhead". The Art Bulletin. 61 (1): 68–77. doi:10.2307/3049865. JSTOR 3049865.
  20. Hardy, Thomas. "Channel Firing". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
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