Katherina Hetzeldorfer

Katherina Hetzeldorfer (d. 1477) was the first woman recorded to have been executed for female homosexuality. She was drowned in the Rhine in Speyer.

Life

Originally from Nuremberg, she had moved to Speyer in 1475 dressed as a man in the company of a woman she described as her sister. In 1477, she was tried for homosexuality and posing as a male. She was prosecuted after having been reported by someone to whom she had confided that she and her sister lived as man and wife. It was discovered that she also had bought sex from two women, both of whom claimed not to have known her biological sex even during intercourse, one of them stating that she had used a strap-on dildo made with red leather.[1] Hetzeldorfer was executed by drowning in the Rhine River.[2]

There is no earlier record of executions for female homosexuality (while executions for male homosexual acts, or sodomy, were common) and a very limited number of later cases, even though female homosexuality was also considered a "crime against nature". Later executions for female homosexuality in Europe include those of Catherine de la Maniere and Francoise de l'Estrage, in 1537 in France, and a famous case of persecution was that of Agatha Dietschi in 1547.

Footnotes

Helmut Puff (June 2003). Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600. University of Chicago Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-226-68505-2.
Katherine Crawford (18 January 2007). European Sexualities, 1400-1800. Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-521-83958-7.

gollark: We don't actually need paired fluxducts, due to that quirk of their transfer rates. I think.

gollark: Anyway, we can probably just run some itemducts in the planned power cabling tunnels, so it's not too problematic.

gollark: Unless you make the reactor building very big.

gollark: For wiring from the reactor to cells, we can afford most things.

gollark: So if you feed the reactor output straight into a cell and make the cell output into three fluxducts, you could have the actual long range wiring carry all the power, but each machine would only receive 1kRF/t max unless you have a bunch of connections on that machine.

References

Helmut Puff: Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600 (2003), p. 32.
Katherine Crawford: European Sexualities, 1400-1800 (2007), p. 162.
Puff, H. (1 January 2000). "Female Sodomy: The Trial of Katherina Hetzeldorfer (1477)". Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. 30 (1): 41–62. doi:10.1215/10829636-30-1-41.

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[Puff2003-1] Helmut Puff (June 2003). Sodomy in Reformation Germany and Switzerland, 1400-1600. University of Chicago Press. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-226-68505-2.

[Crawford2007-2] Katherine Crawford (18 January 2007). European Sexualities, 1400-1800. Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-521-83958-7.