Kate Carmack
Shaaw Tláa, also known as Kate Carmack (c. 1857 – 29 March 1920), was a Tagish First Nation woman who was one of the party that first found gold in the Klondike River in 1896, and is sometimes credited with being the person who made the actual discovery.
Shaaw Tláa, Kate Carmack | |
|---|---|
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| Born | Shaaw Tláa c. 1862 Near Bennett Lake, Yukon, Canada |
| Died | 29 March 1920 (aged around 58) Carcross, Yukon |
| Other names | Kate Carmack |
| Occupation | Seamstress |
| Known for | With her husband and brother, credited with making the gold discovery at Discovery Claim that led to the Klondike Gold Rush |
| Spouse(s) | Kult’ús George Carmack |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | Keish (Skookum Jim Mason; brother) Dawson Charlie (K̲áa Goox̱; nephew) |
Early years
Born near Bennett Lake, she lived with her parents, and seven sisters and brothers, near Carcross, Yukon. Her father, Kaachgaawáa, was the head of the Tlingit crow clan, while her mother, Gus’dutéen, was a member of the Tagish wolf clan.[1] Her name in Tlingit means "gumboot mother". As a young woman, she married her first cousin, Kult’ús. In the early 1880s, her husband and their infant daughter died of influenza in Alaska, at which time Shaaw Tláa returned to her village. It was here, in 1887, that Shaaw Tláa's brother, Keish (Skookum Jim Mason), and nephew, Dawson Charlie (K̲áa Goox̱) started a packing, hunting, and prospecting partnership with George Washington Carmack, an American. She became Carmack's common-law wife within the year. She took the name Kate Carmack.[1]
Beginning in 1889, and for the next six years, the couple lived in the Forty Mile region. Carmack prospected, trapped, and traded, while Shaaw Tláa made winter clothing that she sold to miners. They had one daughter, Graphie Grace Carmack (born 1893, Fort Selkirk).[1]
Gold discovery
Kate and her husband were fishing for salmon at the mouth of the Klondike River in August 1896, when a party led by her brother, including two nephews, came looking for her. The party then discovered gold in Rabbit Creek (later renamed Bonanza Creek), setting in motion the Klondike Gold Rush.[1] Some accounts claim that Kate made the actual discovery.
After becoming wealthy, the Carmacks moved to Hollister, California, to live with Carmack's sister, Rose Watson (later known as Rose Curtis). Subsequently, Carmack left California, Kate, Graphie, and his former partners. Kate and Graphie stayed with Rose.[2] George Carmack married Marguerite Laimee in 1900 in Olympia, Washington.[2] Kate, unable to prove she was George's lawful wife and deemed ineligible for alimony, returned to Carcross in July.
Later years
Keish built her a cabin near his, and daughter, Graphie attended mission and residential schools in Carcross and Whitehorse that were run by Bishop William Carpenter Bompas, before Graphie moved to Seattle, Washington.[1]
Kate Carmack died of influenza during the worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918-1920 in Carcross.[3][4]
References
- SHAAW TLÁA
- Guide
- Kate Carmack - Shaaw Tlaa National Postal Museum
- Biography - SHAAW TLÁA - Volume XIV (1911-1920) Dictionary of Canadian Biography
Sources
- "SHAAW TLÁA (Kate Carmack)". canadianmysteries.ca. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- "Guide to the George W. Carmack Papers". lib.washington.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2008-06-05.