Karl Meyer (biochemist)

Karl Meyer (4 September 1899 – 18 May 1990) was a German biochemist. He worked on connective tissue and determined the properties of hyaluronan in the 1930s.[1][2]

For the pathologist, see Karl Friedrich Meyer.

Biography

He was born on 4 September 1899 in Kerpen, Germany. Meyer studied medicine and received his Ph.D. from the University of Cologne in 1924. He moved to Berlin and received a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in 1927. In 1930 Herbert Evans invited Meyer to work as assistant professor at the University of California, Berkeley. He then moved to New York and worked at the Columbia University doing research on hyaluronan.

A resident of Teaneck, New Jersey, Meyer died at the age of 90 on May 18, 1990, at a nursing home in nearby Cresskill.[3]

Awards

Legacy

The Society for Complex Carbohydrates (now Society for Glycobiology) presents the Karl Meyer Award since 1991.

gollark: I can come up with a thing to transmit ubqmachine™ details to osmarks.net or whatever which people can embed in their code.
gollark: It's an x86-64 system using debian or something.
gollark: > `import hashlib`Hashlib is still important!> `for entry, ubq323 in {**globals(), **__builtins__, **sys.__dict__, **locals(), CONSTANT: Entry()}.items():`Iterate over a bunch of things. I think only the builtins and globals are actually used.The stuff under here using `blake2s` stuff is actually written to be ridiculously unportable, to hinder analysis. This caused issues when trying to run it, so I had to hackily patch in the `/local` thing a few minutes before the deadline.> `for PyObject in gc.get_objects():`When I found out that you could iterate over all objects ever, this had to be incorporated somehow. This actually just looks for some random `os` function, and when it finds it loads the obfuscated code.> `F, G, H, I = typing(lookup[7]), typing(lookup[8]), __import__("functools"), lambda h, i, *a: F(G(h, i))`This is just a convoluted way to define `enumerate(range))` in one nice function.> `print(len(lookup), lookup[3], typing(lookup[3])) #`This is what actually loads the obfuscated stuff. I think.> `class iｎt(typing(lookup[0])):`Here we subclass `complex`. `complex` is used for 2D coordinates within the thing, so I added some helper methods, such as `__iter__`, allowing unpacking of complex numbers into real and imaginary parts, `abs`, which generates a complex number a+ai, and `ℝ`, which provvides the floored real parts of two things.> `class Mаtrix:`This is where the magic happens. It actually uses unicode homoglyphs again, for purposes.> `self = typing("dab7d4733079c8be454e64192ce9d20a91571da25fc443249fc0be859b227e5d")`> `rows = gc`I forgot what exactly the `typing` call is looking up, but these aren't used for anything but making the fake type annotations work.> `def __init__(rows: self, self: rows):`This slightly nonidiomatic function simply initializes the matrix's internals from the 2D array used for inputs.> `if 1 > (typing(lookup[1]) in dir(self)):`A convoluted way to get whether something has `__iter__` or not.
gollark: If you guess randomly the chance of getting none right is 35%ish.
gollark: Anyway, going through #12 in order:> `import math, collections, random, gc, hashlib, sys, hashlib, smtplib, importlib, os.path, itertools, hashlib`> `import hashlib`We need some libraries to work with. Hashlib is very important, so to be sure we have hashlib we make sure to keep importing it.> `ℤ = int`> `ℝ = float`> `Row = "__iter__"`Create some aliases for int and float to make it mildly more obfuscated. `Row` is not used directly in anywhere significant.> `lookup = [...]`These are a bunch of hashes used to look up globals/objects. Some of them are not actually used. There is deliberately a comma missing, because of weird python string concattey things.```pythondef aes256(x, X): import hashlib A = bytearray() for Α, Ҙ in zip(x, hashlib.shake_128(X).digest(x.__len__())): A.append(Α ^ Ҙ) import zlib, marshal, hashlib exec(marshal.loads(zlib.decompress(A)))```Obviously, this is not actual AES-256. It is abusing SHAKE-128's variable length digests to implement what is almost certainly an awful stream cipher. The arbitrary-length hash of our key, X, is XORed with the data. Finally, the result of this is decompressed, loaded (as a marshalled function, which is extremely unportable bytecode I believe), and executed. This is only used to load one piece of obfuscated code, which I may explain later.> `class Entry(ℝ):`This is also only used once, in `typing` below. Its `__init__` function implements Rule 110 in a weird and vaguely golfy way involving some sets and bit manipulation. It inherits from float, but I don't think this does much.> `#raise SystemExit(0)`I did this while debugging the rule 110 but I thought it would be fun to leave it in.> `def typing(CONSTANT: __import__("urllib3")):`This is an obfuscated way to look up objects and load our obfuscated code.> `return getattr(Entry, CONSTANT)`I had significant performance problems, so this incorporates a cache. This was cooler™️ than dicts.

References
  1. Meyer K, Hobby GL, Chaffee E, Dawson MH (January 1940). "THE HYDROLYSIS OF HYALURONIC ACID BY BACTERIAL ENZYMES". J Exp Med. 71 (2): 137–46. doi:10.1084/jem.71.2.137. PMC 2135078. PMID 19870951.
  2. McDonald, J.; Hascall, V. C. (2002). "The Discovery of Hyaluronan by Karl Meyer". J. Biol. Chem. 277: 4575–4579. doi:10.1074/jbc.r100064200.
  3. Staff. "Karl Meyer, 90, Dies; A Research Biochemist", The New York Times, May 22, 1990. Accessed September 12, 2017. "Dr. Karl Meyer, a research biochemist who specialized in connective tissue diseases, died on Friday at the Dunroven Nursing Home in Cresskill, N.J. He was 90 years old and lived in Teaneck, N.J."
  4. Book of Members 1780–present (PDF, 323 kB) bei der American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org); abgerufen am 16. Juni 2012
  5. Hascall, Vincent C.; Balazs, Endre A. (2009). "Karl Meyer 1899-1990" (PDF). Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences.



This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.