Karel Bossart

Karel Jan Bossart[1] (February 9, 1904 – August 3, 1975) was an innovative rocket designer and creator of the Atlas ICBM. His achievements rank alongside those of Wernher von Braun and Sergei Korolev. But as most of his work was for the United States Air Force and was therefore classified, his achievements are not widely known.

Karel Bossart
Born
Karel Jan Bossart

(1904-02-09)February 9, 1904
Antwerp, Belgium
DiedAugust 3, 1975(1975-08-03) (aged 71)
San Diego, U.S.
CitizenshipBelgian–American
Alma materUniversité libre de Bruxelles
OccupationRocket engineer
Known forAtlas ICBM
Spouse(s)Cornelia Chase
Children3
AwardsExceptional Civilian Award

Biography

Karel Bossart was born on February 9, 1904 in Antwerp, Belgium. He graduated in Mining Engineering at the Université libre de Bruxelles in 1924. After winning a scholarship to Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the Belgian American Educational Foundation to study aeronautical engineering, he remained in the United States, working for various aircraft companies. In 1945 he was chief of structures at Convair and proposed to the United States Air Force that a missile could be developed with a range of 8000 km. The Air Force was skeptical of Bossart's proposal, partly wishing to preserve the priority of strategic bombers, but granted him a limited contract to develop a prototype. Bossart's major innovation was the use of a monocoque design in which structural support was maintained by pressure within the inelastic fuel tanks. After a series of tests in 1947 the Air Force lost interest and Bossart was instructed to abandon the research, but by 1951 the escalation of the Cold War enabled Bossart to revive the project that became known as 'Atlas'. In 1955 the Central Intelligence Agency reported that Soviet Russia had made swift progress on its own intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) programme and Atlas became a crash project of the highest national importance. Bossart used this opportunity to advance work with high energy cryogenic fuels that resulted in the Centaur upper stage.

Atlas was first launched in June, 1957[2] but was never fully effective as an ICBM. However, use as a launch vehicle, the Atlas design has excelled and has formed the basis of the most successful and reliable expendable rockets in service. As a result, Bossart's achievements include

In 1955 Bossart became chief engineer of the Atlas project and in 1957 was promoted to Technical Director of Aeronautics at General Dynamics. On December 17, 1957, eleven years of Bossart's work climaxed in the first successful flight of the Atlas. A few days later, on December 22, 1957, he appeared on What's My Line? as a guest credited as "Rocket Designer U.S.A.F. Atlas Missile".[3] The next year, the Air Force awarded him the Exceptional Civilian Award for his work in developing America's first ICBM.

His co-workers called Bossart one of the finest technical men in the country. They credit him with having spearheaded a major phase in the art of rocketry.

In 1965, Bossart was inducted into the International Aerospace Hall of Fame for his pioneering contributions to the Atlas rocket system. He is featured in the Hall of Fame's exhibit within the San Diego Air and Space Museum.[4] Bossart was later inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1990.[5]

Bossart died on August 3, 1975, in San Diego, California.

gollark: Also it's entirely stored on pastebin and has no version control and is split across probably 15 different files.
gollark: I added a thing where I can remote into potatOS computers for... definitely debugging purposes... and run code, which makes it much easier to patch sandbox escapes where silly triangles don't release the code.
gollark: The sandboxing stuff makes up probably the majority of the code, and holes in the sandbox get discovered every month or so and quickly patched.
gollark: Maybe two years?
gollark: But mine actually does a lot of complex OS-ey things for sandboxing - basically, to stop people from meddling with its code, uninstalling it, sort of thing, but keep existing programs working, I have to try and confine stuff to a limited amount of functionality.

References
  1. Mitchell, Don P (2016). Bossart: America's Forgotten Rocket Scientist. Seattle: Mental Landscape, LLC. ISBN 978-0998330501.
  2. "CommonSpot Error".
  3. "What's My Line?: Episode #394". TV.com.
  4. Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. ISBN 978-1-57864-397-4
  5. Sheppard, David (September 27, 1990). "Slayton to Join Space Hall of Fame". El Paso Times. El Paso, Texas. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
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