Julian Wehr

Julian Wehr (1898–1970) was known as the "American Master of Animated Books".[1] Around 9 million copies of Wehr's books were sold in the United States and Great Britain, and were translated and sold in France, Germany, and Spain during the 1940s and 1950s.[2]

Julian Wehr
Born	Julian Wehrfritz 30 June 1898 Brooklyn, New York, US
Died	25 April 1970 New Smyrna Beach, Florida, US
Education	Art Students League
Occupation	Paper Engineer, Sculptor, Artist
Spouse(s)	Marguerite West (unknown–1932; divorced) Julie Laubinger (1933–1970; his death)
Children	5
Website	wehranimations.com

Animated and Pop-Up Books

Wehr invented and patented[3][4][5] the animated children's book that contained moveable paper parts using tabs,[6][7] commonly read by children in the 1940s, 50s and 60s. An animated pop-up book consists of three elements: a story, colored illustrations of the text, and two or more animated illustrations with their movement mechanisms working between a double page.[8]

Selected bibliography

Wehr created over 30 animated books, including:[9]

• Wehr, Julian; Carroll, Lewis (1945), The Animated Picture Book of Alice in Wonderland., Grosset and Dunlap, OCLC 11319992
• Wehr, Julian; Ernest, Edward; Adomeit, Ruth (1943), Animated Animals, Duenewald Printing Corporation, OCLC 35840161
• Wehr, Julian; Daye, Stephen (1945), Cinderella, Stephen Daye, OCLC 24727462
• Wehr, Julian (1942), The Exciting Adventures of Finnie the Fiddler, Cupples & Leon Company, OCLC 28641057
• Wehr, Julian (1943), The Gingerbread Boy, Duenewald Printing Corporation, OCLC 28194916
• Wehr, Julian; Bannerman, Helen (1943), Little Black Sambo., Duenewald Printing Corporation, OCLC 61141694
• Wehr, Julian; Washington, Irving (1945), Rip Van Winkle, Duenewald Printing Corporation, OCLC 31415064
• Wehr, Julian; Moore, Clement Clarke (1949), The Night Before Christmas, Duenewald Printing Corporation, OCLC 15477917

Sculptor career

Trained at the Art Students League in New York City during the ascendance of Picasso and other modern artists, Wehr's work reflects the abstract renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s. His teacher, the noted artist John French Sloan, was a clear influence on Wehr, eschewing realism for the more authentic abstract communication of feeling and subject matter.[10]

Wehr used a variety of media to communicate his values of racial and social justice, beauty in nature, and the complexity of the human condition. His sculptures in metal painted in simple black and white, such as "Man Woman and Child," articulate the interdependence, yet separateness of the members of the human family at a time when the nuclear family was the ideal of American culture. At a time of the powerful movement for racial equality, Mr. Wehr addressed racial tensions in “Oppression” with its brutal juxtaposition of forms representing the subjection of African Americans in American society. It brings to mind the memorable photographs of police dogs and fire hoses assaulting black schoolchildren in the 1960s. A fire in 1947 destroyed Wehr's studio and two years of sculpting, save for a mahogany head sculpture of an African American man Wehr had sketched once on a New York City Subway trip.[11]

Collections and Research

Mock-ups, patents, legal documents and other materials documenting Wehr's animated book creations are housed at the University of Virginia Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library.[12]

In 2002, librarians Dr. Alan Boehm and Roy Ziegler received a $4,000 research grant from the Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU) to "reconstruct the life and accomplishment of a forgotten master of American book artistry and animation," Julian Wehr.[13] "A Julian Wehr Miscellany: Unrecorded Animated Books, Foreign-Language Animated Books, and Other Works" was later published.[14] The MTSU Library, Special Collections' Dimensional and Artist's Books section has a large holding, more than 40, of Wehr animated books.[15]

Influence

The innovative artists' book creator Edward H. Hutchins says one of his early influences was Julian Wehr because of "the multiple movements achieved with a single tab" in his pop-up books.[16]

References

1. "Special Collections--James E. Walker Library | Middle Tennessee State University". library.mtsu.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
2. Movable Book Society (February 2002). "Julian Wehr Research". Movable Stationery. v10 (1): 10. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
3. https://www.google.com/patents?id=eit-AAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
4. https://www.google.com/patents?id=ADdPAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
5. https://www.google.com/patents?id=CQdsAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
6. Bernice E. Cullinan; Diane Goetz Person (26 September 2005). The Continuum Encyclopedia of Children's Literature. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 563–. ISBN 978-0-8264-1778-7. Retrieved 18 January 2011. The tab-operated mechanicals worked by means of partially concealed die-cut cards eyeletted between the double-thickness illustrated pages
7. Patricia Hall (19 April 2001). Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle: a bibliography of published works. Pelican Publishing. pp. 146–. ISBN 978-1-56554-123-8. Retrieved 18 January 2011. Animator Julian Wehr would become well known for his cleverly engineered moveable-picture books, which included The Animated Mother Goose and Puss in Boots
8. Wehr, Paul. "Moving Illustrations: The Paper Engineering of Julian Wehr" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
9. Montanaro, Ann R. (1993). Pop-up and movable books : a bibliography. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow. p. 716. ISBN 9780810826502.
10. "A Guide to the Papers of Julian Wehr, 1885-2004, n.d. (bulk 1943-1949)Wehr, Julian, Papers12250". ead.lib.virginia.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
11. Wehr, Paul (September 17, 2008). Moving Illustrations: The Paper Engineering of Julian Wehr (PDF). p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
12. Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library
13. "Julian Wehr Research". Movable stationery. 10 (1): 10. February 2002. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
14. Boehm, Alan; Ziegler, Roy (1 January 2002). "A Julian Wehr Miscellany: Unrecorded Animated Books, Foreign-Language Animated Books, and Other Works". Bulletin of bibliography. 59 (3): 87. ISSN 0190-745X. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
15. "Special Collections--James E. Walker Library | Middle Tennessee State University". library.mtsu.edu. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
16. Rubin, Ellen G. K. (1993). "Books From the Heart: An Interview with Edward H. Hutchins". Movable Stationery, the Movable Book Society newsletter. 5 (2): 1–3. Retrieved 16 September 2017.