Jorunna spazzola

Jorunna spazzola
	Dorsal view of Jorunna cf. spazzola
	Dorsal view of Jorunna cf. spazzola
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Heterobranchia; clade Euthyneura; clade Nudipleura; clade Nudibranchia; clade Euctenidiacea; clade Doridacea
Superfamily:	Doridoidea
Family:	Discodorididae
Genus:	Jorunna
Species:	J. spazzola
Binomial name
	Jorunna spazzola; (Marcus, 1955)[1]
Synonyms[2][3]
	Awuka spazzola Er. Marcus, 1955; Discodoris mortenseni Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1963

Jorunna spazzola is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Discodorididae.[2]

Taxonomy

It is possibly synonymous with Jorunna luisae.[4]

Camacho-García et al. (2014)[5] suggested Caribbean animals identified as Jorunna spazzola could constitute a distinct species, because they display external differences with the original description from southern Brazil.[3]

Distribution

This species was described from Brazil. The distribution of Jorunna spazzola includes Florida,[6] Honduras, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Cuba, Curaçao, Barbados, Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos, Brazil and Panama.[3]

Description

The body is oval.[3] The mantle is rigid.[3] Dorsum is flattened and covered with small caryophyllidia.[3] Branchial leaves are very short.[3] Background color is translucent gray with a few darker gray or brown patches over the dorsum.[3] Mantle margin is surrounded by small opaque white glands.[3] Rhinophores and gill are the same color as the rest of the body.[3] It is up to 18 mm long[3] or up to is 36 mm.[7]

According to Rudman (2008), this species is known mostly from internal characters and needs clarification.[8]

Ecology

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.[7] Maximum recorded depth is 1.5 m.[7] It was found under rocks in Panama.[3]

Prey of Jorunna spazzola include sponges of the order Haplosclerida: Callyspongia pallida and Chalinula sp.[9] It is well camouflaged on its prey.[3] This species is able to quickly change colors as a response to unknown environmental cues.[3]

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gollark: So does everyone.

gollark: Good idea. Coming in v2.

gollark: What if I add something useful, like, er... can't think of anything...

gollark: I think it was originally a virus which got added to.

References

This article incorporates Creative Commons (CC-BY-4.0) text from the reference[3]

Marcus Er. (1955). Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Boletim da Facultade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 20: 89–261.
Bouchet, P. (2015). Jorunna spazzola (Marcus, 1955). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-10-11
Goodheart J. A., Ellingson R. A., Vital X. G., Galvão Filho H. C., McCarthy J. B., Medrano S. M., Bhave V. J., García-Méndez K., Jiménez L. M., López G. & Hoover C. A. (2016). "Identification guide to the heterobranch sea slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Bocas del Toro, Panama". Marine Biodiversity Records 9(1): 56. doi:10.1186/s41200-016-0048-z
Camacho-García Y. E. & Gosliner T. M. (2008). "Systematic revision of Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with a morphological phylogenetic analysis". Journal of Molluscan Studies 74: 143-181. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyn002.
Camacho-García Y., Pola M., Carmona L., Padula V., Villani G. & Cervera L. (2014). "Diversity and distribution of the heterobranch sea slug fauna on the Caribbean of Costa Rica". Cah Biol Mar. 55: 109–127.
Jorunna spazzola. Photo A. DuPont at Medslugs.de.
Welch J. J. (2010). "The “Island Rule” and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
Rudman W. B. (2001 September 20). Jorunna cf. spazzola (Marcus, 1955). Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
Belmonte T., Alvim J., Padula V. & Muricy G. (2015). "Spongivory by nudibranchs on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil". Spixiana 38(2): 187–195. PDF.

External links

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[1] Marcus Er. (1955). Opisthobranchia from Brazil. Boletim da Facultade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Zoologia 20: 89–261.

[WoRMS-2] Bouchet, P. (2015). Jorunna spazzola (Marcus, 1955). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-10-11

[Goodheart_2016-3] Goodheart J. A., Ellingson R. A., Vital X. G., Galvão Filho H. C., McCarthy J. B., Medrano S. M., Bhave V. J., García-Méndez K., Jiménez L. M., López G. & Hoover C. A. (2016). "Identification guide to the heterobranch sea slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Bocas del Toro, Panama". Marine Biodiversity Records 9(1): 56. doi:10.1186/s41200-016-0048-z

[C-G-4] Camacho-García Y. E. & Gosliner T. M. (2008). "Systematic revision of Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with a morphological phylogenetic analysis". Journal of Molluscan Studies 74: 143-181. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyn002.

[5] Camacho-García Y., Pola M., Carmona L., Padula V., Villani G. & Cervera L. (2014). "Diversity and distribution of the heterobranch sea slug fauna on the Caribbean of Costa Rica". Cah Biol Mar. 55: 109–127.

[6] Jorunna spazzola. Photo A. DuPont at Medslugs.de.

[Welch_2010-7] Welch J. J. (2010). "The “Island Rule” and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLoS ONE 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

[8] Rudman W. B. (2001 September 20). Jorunna cf. spazzola (Marcus, 1955). Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.

[9] Belmonte T., Alvim J., Padula V. & Muricy G. (2015). "Spongivory by nudibranchs on the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil". Spixiana 38(2): 187–195. PDF.