John Walter Hulme

John Walter Hulme was a British lawyer and Judge. He was the first Chief Justice of Hong Kong taking office in 1844.

Caricature of John Walter Hulme, First Chief Justice of Hong Kong

Early life

Hulme was born in 1805 in Fenton, Staffordshire, England. He was the son of a "highly respectable solicitor."[1]

He was called to the Bar of the Middle Temple in 1829. He served his pupillage with the noted barrister and author Joseph Chitty. He was a co-author with Chitty of A Practical Treatise on Bills of Exchange and A Collection of Statutes of Practical Utility. He also married Chitty's daughter, Eliza[2]:48,657

Hong Kong was ceded to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Nanking signed in 1842. A military government was first formed. In 1844, civilian government was put in place headed by Governor John Francis Davis.

Hulme was appointed the first Chief Justice of Hong Kong. The Colonial Office had great difficulty in finding a judge willing to go to the newly established colony. Hulme was offered the very high salary of £3,000 per annum to go to Hong Kong. In return he agreed to give up his right to a pension.

He arrived in Hong Kong Kong on 7 May 1844 on board the H.M.S. Spitfire together with Davis and other officials. He was also appointed as a member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council. The Supreme Court was formally opened on 1 October 1844 with Hulme on the bench.[3]:47–49,64–65

As Chief Justice, Hulme fearlessly protected the independence of the judiciary. He had a number of run-ins with Governor Davis that culminated in charges being brought against him of drunkenness. The charge against him read that he had been "in a state of intoxication as to attract public attention when attending a public entertainment given by Rear Admiral Thomas Cockrane on November 22, 1845". He was brought before the Executive Council of Hong Kong in 1847 who found him guilty and suspended him from his position. On 30 December 1847, Hulme returned to England during his suspension. The Colonial Secretary refused to uphold the verdict and Hulme soon returned to Hong Kong.[3]:157–8

In November 1846, in the case of Compton, Hulme refused to uphold a verdict of guilty against Mr Compton for instigating a riot in Canton handed down by the British consular court in Canton. Mr Compton, an English merchant, was fined HK$200 for causing a riot by kicking over a Chinese stall and beating its owner with his stick, and appealed to the Supreme Court of Hong Kong. Hulme was highly critical of the way in which the case was handled. Sir John Davis, the Governor of Hong Kong wrote to Lord Palmerston, the Prime Minister, stating: “Some fresh ordinance will inevitably be required to prevent such mischievous interference in international cases.”[4]

In February 1857, Hulme presided at the trial of ten Chinese men who had been charged in connection to a mass poisoning of Europeans in Hong Kong known as the Esing Bakery incident. The Attorney General, Thomas Chisholm Anstey, argued that the principal suspect, Cheong Ah-lum, should be hanged regardless of his innocence because it was "better to hang the wrong man than confess that British sagacity and activity have failed to discover the real criminals". Hulme replied that "hanging the wrong man will not further the ends of justice", and later accepted the jury's acquittal of Cheong.[5]

Hulme became very unwell to the end of his term of office and often would only commence court sitting at noon or 1pm. He was put under pressure to retire, but insisted that he be given a pension. He left Hong Kong on leave in early 1859 and in England was offered a handsome pension of £1,500 per annum which he accepted.[6]

Death

Hulme died soon after his retirement, on 1 March 1861 in Brighton, England.[7]

gollark: Moving communities is painful even with an obviously bad person nobody likes. You were ambiguously bad, so it's harder.
gollark: Oops.
gollark: Moving communities is painful even with
gollark: Really? Interesting.
gollark: I don't think it was actually due to anything you did but just this sort of thing being really hard in general.

References
  1. London & China Telegraph, 18 March 1861, p16
  2. Norton-Kyshe, James William (1898). History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong Vol I. London: T Fisher Unwin.
  3. Norton-Kyshe, James William (1898). History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong Vol. II. London: T Fisher Unwin.
  4. Keeton, The Development of Extraterritoriality in China, pp. 220–223 and 230.
  5. Carroll, John Mark (2007). A Concise History of Hong Kong. Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield. p. 26. ISBN 0742534227.
  6. Endacott, G. B. (2005) [1962]. "Chapter 9, John Walter Hulme". A biographical sketch-book of early Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-9622097421.
  7. Boase, Frederic (1893). Modern English Biography. Truro: Netherton and Worth.
Legal offices
New office Chief Justice of Hong Kong
1844–1860		 Succeeded by
William Henry Adams
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