John Summers (RAF officer)

Group Captain John Kenneth Summers MC (born 22 December 1894, date of death unknown) was a British First World War flying ace credited with eight aerial victories.[1]

John Kenneth Summers
Born(1894-12-22)22 December 1894
Shamian Island, Canton, China
DiedUnknown
Rhodesia
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army
Royal Air Force
Years of service1915–1943
RankGroup Captain
Unit
Battles/warsWorld War I
 • Western Front
World War II
AwardsMilitary Cross

Early life and background

Summers was born on Shamian Island, the British Concession in Canton, China,[1] where his father, J. A. Summers, was an employee of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service.[2] Later he attended the University of Birmingham.[1]

World War I

Summers was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant on 25 January 1915,[3] and served in the 13th Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, until transferred to the General List on 30 April[4] to serve in the Royal Flying Corps. As an observer he served in No. 3 Squadron RFC,[1] and later trained as a pilot. Summers was awarded Royal Aero Club Aviators' Certificate No. 2154 on 13 December 1915, after soloing a Maurice Farman biplane at the Military School at Birmingham.[5] On completing his training he was appointed a flying officer on 29 February 1916.[6]

He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 July 1916,[7] and appointed a flight commander with the acting-rank of captain on 8 March 1917.[8] On 9 April 1917 he received a mention in despatches for "distinguished and gallant services and devotion to duty" from Field-Marshal Douglas Haig, the Commander-in-Chief of the British Armies in France,[9] and on 18 July 1917 was awarded the Military Cross. His citation read:

Temporary Second Lieutenant (Temporary Captain) John Kenneth Summers, General List, and R.F.C.
"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He has continuously performed valuable work in co-operating with the artillery. He has on many occasions flown at a very low altitude in order to give information to the infantry, which has proved of the utmost value."[10]

In June 1918, Summers was posted to No. 209 Squadron RAF, to fly the Sopwith Camel single seat fighter. Between 23 June and 11 August he accounted for eight enemy aircraft; four destroyed (one shared), three driven down out of control (two shared), and one shared capture. However, on 12 August 1918 his aircraft was shot down by Lothar von Richthofen of Jasta 11, and Summers was taken prisoner. He was held as a POW until after the armistice, finally being repatriated in December 1918.[1]

List of aerial victories
Combat record[1]
No. Date/Time Aircraft/
Serial No.		 Opponent Result Location Notes
123 June 1918
@ 0710		Sopwith Camel
(D3338)		LVG COut of controlMartinpuichShared with Lieutenant W. J. Armstrong.
21 July 1918
@ 1940		Sopwith Camel
(D9607)		Albatros D.VOut of controlBray
318 July 1918
@ 1100		Sopwith Camel
(C198)		Albatros CDestroyedGrivesnes–Le PlessierShared with Lieutenant Kenneth Walker.
426 July 1918
@ 0720		Sopwith CamelFokker D.VIIOut of controlNorth of CominesShared with Lieutenants A. L. Porter & Kenneth Walker.
58 August 1918
@ 1915		Sopwith Camel
(B7471)		Fokker D.VIIDestroyed in flamesCaix
68 August 1918
@ 1915		Sopwith Camel
(B7471)		Fokker D.VIIDestroyedCaix
710 August 1918
@ 1155		Sopwith Camel
(D9637)		Fokker D.VIICapturedEast of BouchoirShared with Lieutenant Kenneth Walker.
811 August 1918
@ 0755		Sopwith Camel
(D9637)		Fokker D.VIIDestroyedPéronne

Inter-war career

Summers remained in the RAF post-war, being awarded a permanent commission with the rank of flight lieutenant on 1 August 1919.[11] He served as an instructor, moving from No. 2 Flying Training School to No. 5 Flying Training School on 18 January 1922,[12] then serving at the Central Flying School between 13 March[13] and 1 July 1922, before returning to No. 5 FTS.[14]

On 14 September 1923 he was posted to No. 45 Squadron, based in Iraq,[15] receiving promotion to squadron leader on 1 July 1925.[16] On 18 January 1927 he was transferred to No. 70 Squadron, Iraq,[17] then to No. 47 Squadron, Egypt, on 14 February 1927,[18] then returning to No. 45 Squadron, now based in Egypt, on 25 April 1927.[19]

He returned to the UK when posted to the Headquarters of the Air Defence of Great Britain at Uxbridge on 23 December 1928.[20] On 1 January 1933 Summers was promoted to wing commander.[21] He published a book Practical Air Navigation Simply Explained in 1935,[22] and served as commander of the School of Air Navigation at RAF Manston up to 1 October 1936.[23] He was promoted to group captain on 1 January 1938,[24] serving on the staff of Bomber Command as head of the navigation section.[25]

World War II

On 1 January 1941 Summers received his second mention in despatches from the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief,[26] and from July 1941 to December 1942 was Commanding Officer, No. 24 Combined Air Observation School (24 CAOS), which provided training under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan to British, Commonwealth, and European aircrew. The school was located at RAF Moffat, near Gwelo in Southern Rhodesia.[27][28] He retired from the Royal Air Force on 1 March 1943.[29]

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References
  1. "John Kenneth Summers". The Aerodrome. 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  2. "Personals: To be Married". Flight. XXII (1131): 980. 29 August 1930. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  3. "No. 29051". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 January 1915. pp. 884–885.
  4. "No. 29230". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 July 1915. p. 6928.
  5. "Aviators' Certificates". Flight. VII (365): 1017. 24 December 1915. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  6. "No. 29511". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 March 1916. p. 2916.
  7. "No. 30632". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 April 1918. p. 4546.
  8. "No. 29994". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 March 1917. p. 2828.
  9. "No. 30072". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 May 1917. p. 4754.
  10. "No. 30188". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 July 1917. p. 7246.
  11. "No. 31620". The London Gazette. 28 October 1919. pp. 13138–13139.
  12. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIV (681): 29. 12 January 1922. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  13. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIV (691): 181. 23 March 1922. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  14. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIV (707): 403. 13 July 1922. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  15. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XV (770): 589. 27 September 1923. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  16. "No. 33063". The London Gazette. 3 July 1925. p. 4456.
  17. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIX (949): 121. 3 March 1927. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  18. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIX (951): 167. 17 March 1927. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  19. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XIX (962): 363. 2 June 1927. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  20. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XXI (1046): 35. 10 January 1929. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  21. "No. 33898". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1932. p. 16.
  22. Summers, John Kenneth (1935). Practical Air Navigation Simply Explained. London, UK: Sir I. Pitman & Sons, Limited. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  23. "Royal Air Force: Appointments". Flight. XXX (1452): 414. 22 October 1936. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  24. "No. 34468". The London Gazette. 31 December 1937. p. 8194.
  25. "The Air Exercises". Flight. XXXIV (1546): 119. 11 August 1938. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  26. "No. 35029". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1940. p. 33.
  27. Newnham, Dave (19 September 2010). "The Rhodesian Air Training Scheme – An Overview". Rhodesia & The RAF. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  28. "The Story of Royal Air Force Station, Moffat". Our Rhodesian Heritage. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  29. "No. 36432". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 March 1944. p. 1319.
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