John Jumper

John Jumper (c.1820 – September 21, 1896) was Principal Chief of the Seminole Nation from 1849 to 1865, and again from 1882 to 1885.[lower-alpha 1] He was also a Baptist pastor. Jumper led those Seminole who supported the Confederacy, signing a treaty with the new government in the hope of gaining an Indian state if they were successful. He served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Confederate Army Seminole Mounted Volunteers.[2]

For the retired Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, see John P. Jumper.

Colonel John Jumper (Hemha Micco)
John Jumper's Indian name was Hemha Micco or "New Chief"
Birth name	Unknown
Born	c. 1820 Florida
Died	September 21, 1896 Wewoka, Indian Territory
Buried	Unmarked grave, Spring Baptist Church Cemetery , Wewoka, Seminole County, Oklahoma
Allegiance	United States of America  Confederate States
Service/branch	Confederate Army
Years of service	1861–1865 (CSA)
Rank	Colonel
Unit	1st Seminole Battalion and 1st Seminole Regiment

First chieftainship

Jumper fought against the United States in the Second Seminole War (1835 -1842), and was sent to Indian Territory after his capture. He became principal chief of the Seminoles after the death of his brother, James Jumper, in 1849. In 1850, he led a delegation to Florida to encourage the remaining Seminoles to move to Indian Territory also. As chief, he oversaw the establishment of the Seminole Nation in Indian Territory in 1856. He also supported the establishment of schools for his people by Presbyterian ministers.[1]

Civil War service

When the Civil War broke out, Chief Jumper reluctantly agreed to sign an alliance with the Confederate States of America. He also enlisted in the Confederate Army, first serving as a major in the First Battalion Seminole Mounted Rifles, and as lieutenant colonel of the First Regiment Seminole Volunteers. He led these troops in the battles of Round Mountain, Chusto-Talasah, Middle Boggy, and Second Cabin Creek.[1]

Post Civil War

After the Civil War, Jumper was ordained as a Baptist minister in 1865. He served as pastor of the Spring Baptist Church near the community of Sasakwa in the Seminole Nation,[lower-alpha 2] Indian Territory, and remained as pastor there until 1894.[1]

Because of the Seminole alliance with the Confederacy, the United States forced the tribe to sign a new peace treaty after the war. They were required to emancipate their slaves, and to offer those freedmen who wanted to stay in Indian Territory full citizenship in the tribe.[1]

John Jumper represented the Southern Seminoles at the Fort Smith Council of 1865, where the U.S. Government recognized Union loyalist John Chupko as the Principal Chief of the Seminole Nation.[lower-alpha 3] Jumper was elected Principal Chief in 1882, and was succeeded by his son-in-law, John F. Brown in 1885.[1]

Death

John Jumper died at his home near Wewoka, Indian Territory on September 21, 1896.

Notes

1. John Jumper's Seminole name was Hemha Micco.[1]
2. Sasakwa was in present-day Seminole County, Oklahoma]].[1]
3. Chupko and Billy Bowlegs were both Town Chiefs who refused to sign the alliance with the Confederacy. They and other Seminole Unionists joined Creek Unionists under Opotheleyahola in the withdrawal to Kansas. Chupko died in 1881.[2]

References

1. May, Jon D. "Seminole Nation, I. T. " Accessed December 8, 2016.
2. Seminole Leaders