John James Audubon Bridge (Mississippi River)

The John James Audubon Bridge, completed and opened in 2011, is a Mississippi River crossing between Pointe Coupee and West Feliciana parishes in south central Louisiana. The bridge has the second longest cable-stayed span (distance between towers) in the Western Hemisphere at 1,583 ft (482 m), after Mexico's Baluarte Bridge with a 1,706 ft (520 m) span, and has a total length of 12,883 ft (3,927 m)—nearly three-and-a-half times longer than the Baluarte Bridge's 3,688 ft (1,124 m) total length.[1][6] The Audubon Bridge replaces the ferry between the communities of New Roads and St. Francisville. The bridge also serves as the only bridge structure on the Mississippi River between Natchez, Mississippi and Baton Rouge, Louisiana (approximately 90 river miles). The bridge conveys Louisiana Highway 10, which is in a concurrence there with the Zachary Taylor Parkway.

John James Audubon Bridge
Coordinates	30°43′13.32″N 91°21′5.36″W
Carries	4 lanes of LA 10
Crosses	Mississippi River
Locale	Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana
Maintained by	LaDOTD
Characteristics
Design	Cable-stayed bridge
Total length	12,883 ft (3,927 m)[1]
Width	75.8 ft (23.1 m)[2]
Height	520 ft (158 m)[3]
Longest span	1,583 ft (482 m)[3]
Clearance below	65 ft (20 m)[1][4] minimum at HWL (High Water Level); the MHWL (Mean High Water Level) clearance is 76.2 ft (23.2 m); the LWL (Low Water Level) clearance is 116.1 ft (35.4 m)[2]
History
Construction cost	$409 million[3]
Opened	May 5, 2011[5]
Replaces	New Roads–St. Francisville Ferry

The Audubon Bridge corridor includes:

• A 2.44-mile (3.93 km) four-lane elevated bridge structure with two 11-foot (3.4 m) travel lanes in each direction with 8-foot (2.4 m) outside shoulders and 2-foot (0.61 m) inside shoulders
• Approximately 12 miles (19 km) of two-lane roadway connecting LA 1 east of Hospital Road and Major Parkway at New Roads to US 61 south of LA 966 and St. Francisville
• Four new intersections at existing LA 1, LA 10, LA 981 (River Road) and US 61 for entry to and exit from the new roadway and bridge

The bridge became officially connected across the Mississippi River on Wednesday, December 29, 2010. Completion for public use was not expected until June 2011; however, the bridge was opened on May 5, 2011 due to rising water levels on the Mississippi River, which had forced the closure of the ferry connection. The bridge is equipped with special finger type sliding joints in order to accommodate large movements between the decks. The 24-ton joints were designed by mageba, an international civil engineering firm, and allow a movement of 49 in (1.24 m).[7]

Construction progress as of December 4, 2010

Traffic begins crossing the newly opened bridge

The project was constructed by Audubon Bridge Constructors, a joint venture of Flatiron Construction, Granite Construction and Parsons Transportation Group. The construction manager was Louisiana TIMED Managers, a joint venture of GEC, Inc., PB Americas, Inc., and LPA Group Incorporated. Upon completion, ownership of the bridge was turned over to the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development.

As a gateway, it is intended to provide highway traffic where centuries of ferry crossings and longer commutes have been the norm.

Artist John James Audubon dedicated his life to painting all of the birds in North America. He painted 32 of his famous works in his Birds of America series while residing at Oakley Plantation at St. Francisville as a tutor to Eliza Pirrie in 1821.[8] Naming the new bridge after Audubon is significant to the project because it exemplifies the importance and preservation of the rich natural history of the region.

In 2011, House Bill 200 was proposed in the Louisiana Legislature to rename the bridge the "Generals John A. Lejeune-Robert H. Barrow Bridge."[9] Proponents of the measure argued that Audubon only spent a comparatively small amount of time in Louisiana and that there already existed twin bridges named after him spanning the Ohio River (those bridges have since been renamed the Bi-State Vietnam Gold Star Bridges).[10] Additionally, they stated that Generals John A. Lejeune, originally from Pointe Coupee Parish, and Robert H. Barrow, originally from West Feliciana Parish, who both served as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps were more worthy of the honor. A compromise was reached and the bill was signed into law as Act No. 227, effective August 15, 2011.[9] Per the signed final version of the law, although the bridge still retains Audubon's name, the east approach to the bridge has been named the "General Robert H. Barrow Memorial Approach" and the west approach has been named the "General John A. Lejeune Memorial Approach."[11]

Commendations

In its February 11, 2013 issue, the Engineering News-Record recognized the bridge with two positive citations; it designated the bridge as the winner of its transportation category, as well as for its overall "Editor's Choice" award, for being "the top construction project recently completed in the United States."[12]

Criticisms

In 1992 the bridge was estimated to cost $50 million,[13] but it actually cost $409 million.[14] It was estimated to be completed by 1998,[13] but it actually was completed in 2011. It was estimated to carry 4,000 vehicles per day, but it actually averaged 2,887 vehicles per day, in its first year of operation (albeit still significantly more than the 720 vehicles per day that the old ferry used to transport). It is projected to increase traffic to 9,600 vehicles per day by 2026.[14]

During the site selection process, the St. Francisville mayor discouraged putting the bridge near the old ferry landing, because it would effect the views of two historic homes and two cemeteries. The site that was ultimately chosen downriver, however, was also criticized for being south of Entergy's River Bend Nuclear Generating Station, meaning that if the St. Francisville area had to be evacuated due to issues at the nuclear power plant, the bridge would be useless as an evacuation route, despite the exceptional amount of tax dollars spent on it.[13] There are even claims that the southerly location of the bridge has actually discouraged much of the expected increase in commerce between residents of New Roads and St. Francisville, because the much larger city of Zachary is not much further from the site of the bridge and offers many more retail options.[14]

See also

•  Transport portal
•  Engineering portal
•  United States portal
• List of crossings of the Lower Mississippi River
• List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans

References

1. "John J. Audubon Bridge" (PDF). magebausa.com ("Download project information" PDF link on: magebausa.com/en/804/John-J-Audubon-Bridge.htm?Reference=19717 ). mageba USA LLC. 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-07-09. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
2. Fossier, Paul; Duggar, Chuck (February 12, 2007). "John James Audubon Bridge Design-Build Project Update, 2007 Transportation Engineering Conference" (PDF). ltrc.lsu.edu (original PDF file link can be found on: ltrc.lsu.edu/tec_07/presentation_list.html ). Louisiana TIMED Managers / Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. p. 23. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
3. "John James Audubon Bridge". flatironcorp.com. Flatiron Construction Corp. n.d. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
4. Doyle, Lisa (2007). "Design-Build Projects, John James Audubon Bridge" (PDF). The Pelican Report (original PDF file link can be found at "News Releases.pdf" link at bottom of page: wwwsp.dotd.la.gov/Inside_LaDOTD/Divisions/Engineering/Design_Build/Pages/Audubon_Bridge.aspx ). Louisiana TIMED Managers / Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
5. "DOTD Expedites Emergency Opening of John James Audubon Bridge". dotd.la.gov. Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. May 5, 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
6. "High suspense: Mexico lands bridge record". smh.com.au. The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 January 2012. Archived from the original on 10 May 2014. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
7. "John J. Audubon Bridge". magebausa.com. mageba USA LLC. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-07-09. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
8. Heitman, Danny (2008). A summer of birds: John James Audubon at Oakley House. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 0807133302.
9. McVea, Thomas; et al. (2011). "House Bill No. 200, Renames the John James Audubon Bridge as the Generals John A. Lejeune-Robert H. Barrow Bridge". legis.la.gov (original bill's PDF file link can be found in the tab "Text > HB200 Original" on: legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?&i=217671 ). Louisiana State Legislature. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
10. Fry, Trevor. "Bridge should be named Lejeune-Barrow". theadvocate.com / topix.com. The Advocate / re-published by Topix LLC. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
11. McVea, Thomas; et al. (2011). "House Bill No. 200, Act No. 227". legis.la.gov (final act's PDF file link can be found in the tab "Text > HB200 Act" on: legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?&i=217671 ). Louisiana State Legislature. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
12. "Audubon Bridge lauded by magazine: Span named top project by publication". Baton Rouge Advocate (sec. B, p. 5). February 13, 2013.
13. James Minton (January 31, 1992). "'Corridors' shown for new Mississippi River bridge". Baton Rouge Advocate (sec. B, p. 3).
14. James Minton (May 6, 2012). "Audubon Bridge traffic less than expected". Baton Rouge Advocate (sec. A, p. 1).

• Bergeron, Angelle (14 April 2010). "Built Above Wildly Erratic River Levels, Cable-Stayed Giant Rises Over the Flood". Engineering News-Record. New York: McGraw-Hill. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.