John J. M. Bergeron

John J. M. Bergeron, CQ FRSC (born December 22, 1946) is a Canadian cell biologist and biochemist. He is an Emeritus Robert Reford Professor of Anatomy and Professor of Medicine at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is a Rhodes Scholar (Class of 1966). He is best known for the discovery of calnexin, endosomal signalling and organellar proteomics.

John J. M. Bergeron
Born (1946-12-22) December 22, 1946
Belleville, Ontario, Canada
NationalityCanadian
Alma materMcGill University
Oxford University
Known forCalnexin
Golgi apparatus
Endosomal Signalling
Proteomics
AwardsKnight of National Order of Quebec (2018)
McGill University Medal for Exceptional Academic Achievement (2016)
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012)
McLaughlin Medal, Royal Society of Canada (2004)
Rhodes Scholar, Oxford University (1966-69).
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry, Cell Biology
InstitutionsMcGill University

Education

Bergeron was born in Belleville, Ontario and grew up in and around the Montreal area, QC. He received the Montreal Science Fair award at Université de Montréal in 1961 which allowed him to pursue his studies and receive a B.Sc. in honours biochemistry McGill University in 1966. He continued his graduate work as a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, graduating with a D.Phil in biochemistry in 1969. From 1969-1971, he continued his post-doctoral training at the Rockefeller University (Supervisor: Dr. G. Palade). He then became an MRC Scientist the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill, London, UK. In 1974, he opened his research lab in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University. He rose through the ranks becoming full Professor in 1982 and Departmental Chair in 1996. In 2010, he was made Professor of Medicine and transferred his lab over to the MUHC-Research Institute and stayed there until his retirement in 2015.

Research and scientific career

Dr. Bergeron's major contributions are in Discovery Research. He discovered with Dr. Barry I. Posner the paradigm of endosomal signalling.[1] This paradigm defines exactly where and how hormones such as insulin and growth factors known to cause cancer act during health and disease.

Dr. Bergeron also discovered calnexin[2] with Dr. David Y. Thomas and uncovered the calnexin code along with Dr. Ari Helenius and Dr. Armando Parodi.[3] This is the first elucidation of the mechanism of protein folding through a sugar-based code. Bergeron, Thomas, Helenius and Parodi demonstrated that when these proteins are synthesized in cells, the sugars that become attached to the proteins define a code to enable calnexin to guide protein folding.[4] Correct folding is essential to form a functional protein and if newly synthesized proteins are misfolded then disease results. Calnexin through additional proteins that together makeup the calnexin cycle will not only guide folding but will also sense if folding is incorrect. When this happens, calnexin will send the incorrectly folded protein to be degraded through other sugar recognizing proteins that were again discovered with Thomas and separately by Helenius and Parodi. This represents the first protein folding code to be mechanistically solved and represents the basis for several protein misfolding diseases.[5]

Using the new technology of proteomics that Dr. Bergeron pioneered in Quebec and Canada, he elucidated the major resident proteins of the secretory pathway common to all cells. This led to the discovery of several proteins characterized for the first time involved in organ biogenesis and disease.[6]

With Dr. Michel Desjardins, Dr. Bergeron also discovered through proteomics and cell biology the importance of the transfer of endoplasmic reticulum constituents to phagosomes in antigen cross presentation in phagocytes and dendritic cells.[7]

Bergeron is also Founder of Caprion Proteomics Inc. and occupied positions of chief scientific officer, scientific advisor and chair of its scientific advisory board from 2000-2007. Bergeron is also past-president of the Human Proteome Organization (2004-2006) and is past-chair of its HUPO Initiatives project (2007-2008).

Publications and scholarly activities

Bergeron has published over 240 scientific manuscripts and was continuously funded through grants from CIHR, CFI, NIH, GQ, FRQS, NCI, PENCE and MRC throughout his career. Bergeron supervised 32 graduate students, 25 post-docs and 5 visiting scientists. He has given lectures regarding his work both nationally and internationally, is a member of several societies (7), and has participated in multiple grant committees (45) and editorial boards (8) throughout his career.

Bergeron is also known as a strong advocate for Health Research in Canada through several OPEDs and interviews in several newspapers including Maclean's magazine, the National Post, the Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star, the Ottawa Citizen, the Edmonton Journal, the Montreal Gazette and The Conversation. He has given interviews regarding Canadian Science policy in the media on RDI Économie, ICI Radio-Canada and iPolitics Live. He provided an explanation of the inner workings of the cell on the Radio-Canada TV program Découverte.

Awards and recognition
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References
  1. Bergeron, J.J.M.; Di Guglielmo, G.M.; Dahan, S.; Dominguez, M.; Posner, B.I. (2016). "Spatial and Temporal Regulation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activation and Intracellular Signal Transduction". Annu Rev Biochem. 85: 573–597. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060815-014659. PMID 27023845.
  2. Ou, W.J.; Cameron, P.H.; Thomas, D.Y.; Bergeron, J.J.M. (1993). "Association of folding intermediates of glycoproteins with calnexin during protein maturation". Nature. 364: 771–776. doi:10.1038/364771a0. PMID 8102790.
  3. Schrag, J.D.; Procopio, D.O.; Cygler, M.; Thomas, D.Y.; Bergeron, J.J.M. (2003). "Lectin control of protein folding and sorting in the secretory pathway". Trends Biochem Sci. 28: 49–57. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(02)00004-X. PMID 12517452.
  4. Zapun, A.; Petrescu, S.M.; Rudd, P.M.; Dwek, R.A.; Thomas, D.Y.; Bergeron, J.J.M. (1997). "Conformation-independent binding of monoglucosylated ribonuclease B to calnexin". Cell. 88: 29–38. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81855-3. PMID 9019402.
  5. Dickson, K.M.; Bergeron, J.J.M.; Shames, I.; Colby, J.; Nguyen, D.T.; Chevert, E.; Thomas, D.T.; Snipes, G.J. (2002). "Association of calnexin with mutant peripheral myelin protein-22 ex vivo: a basis for "gain-of-function" ER diseases". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99: 9852–9857. doi:10.1073/pnas.152621799. PMC 125041. PMID 12119418.
  6. Gilchrist, A.; Au, C.E.; Hiding, J.; Bell, A.W.; Fernandez-Rodriguez, J.; Lesimple, S.; Nagaya, H.; Roy, L.; Gosline, S.J.; Hallett, M.; Paiement, J.; Kearney, R.E.; Nilsson, T.; Bergeron, J.J.M. (2006). "Quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretory pathway". Cell. 127: 1265–1281. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.036. PMID 17174899.
  7. Gagnon, E.; Duclos, S.; Rondeau, C.; Chevet, E.; Cameron, P.H.; Steele-Mortimer, O.; Paiement, J.; Bergeron, J.J.M.; Desjardins, M. (2002). "Endoplasmic reticulum-mediated phagocytosis is a mechanism of entry into macrophages". Cell. 110: 119–131. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00797-3. PMID 12151002.
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