John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg

John Frederick
John Frederick
	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg; Prince of Calenberg
	John Frederick, c. 1675, by Johann Hulsman
Born	25 April 1625; Herzberg am Harz
Died	18 December 1679 (aged 54); Augsburg
Noble family	Hanover
Spouse(s)	Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate
	Issue Anne Sophie; Charlotte Felicitas; Henriette Marie; Wilhelmina Amalia
Father	George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Mother	Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt

John Frederick (German: Johann Friedrich; 25 April 1625 in Herzberg am Harz – 18 December 1679 in Augsburg) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He ruled over the Principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the duchy, from 1665 until his death.

The third son of George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, John converted to the Roman Catholic Church, the only member of his family to do so, in 1651. He received Calenberg when his elder brother George William inherited the Principality of Lüneburg. In 1666, he had a palace built in Herrenhausen near Hanover that was inspired by the Palace of Versailles and is famous for its gardens, the Herrenhausen Gardens.

In 1667, he employed as his master builder the Venetian architect Girolamo Sartorio, who designed many buildings in the town, including the Neustädter Kirche, and was instrumental in the expansion of the Herrenhausen Gardens.

In 1676, John Frederick employed Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz as Privy Councillor and librarian of the important ducal library. Thus began Leibniz's 40-year association with the House of Hanover, which resulted in three generations of Hanovers being patrons to one of the most eminent philosophers and mathematicians of Europe.

Funeral thaler for John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1679)

John Frederick, ca. 1670, after Jean Michelin

Children

Charlotte Felicitas, his middle daughter

John Frederick married Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate (14 March 1652 – 12 August 1730), daughter of Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern and Anna Gonzaga, on 30 November 1668. They had four daughters:

Anne Sophie (10 February 1670 – 24 March 1672)
Charlotte Felicitas (8 March 1671 – 29 September 1710), married Rinaldo III, Duke of Modena
Henriette Marie (9 March 1672 – 4 September 1757)
Wilhelmina Amalia (1673 – 10 April 1742), married Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

Ancestry

Ancestors of John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg

16. Henry I of Lüneburg

8. Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

17. Margaret of Saxony

4. William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

18. Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

9. Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

19. Ursula of Brandenburg

2. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

20. Frederick I of Denmark

10. Christian III of Denmark

21. Anna of Brandenburg

5. Dorothea of Denmark

22. Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

11. Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg

23. Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

1. John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

24. Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse

12. George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

25. Christine of Saxony

6. Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

26. Bernhard VIII, Count of Lippe

13. Magdalene of Lippe

27. Catherine of Waldeck-Eisenberg

3. Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt

28. Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg

14. John George, Elector of Brandenburg

29. Magdalena of Saxony

7. Magdalena von Brandenburg

30. Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt

15. Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst

31. Agnes of Barby-Mühlingen

gollark: Or, well, "multitask".

gollark: You can run Linux or something on a Turing machine if you emulate x86. Linux can multitask. QED.

gollark: yes it can.

gollark: Only if it's impossible to simulate a brain on a ridiculously powerful computer, which... well, we don't know, but it seems unlikely.

gollark: I suppose the physical processes they run on might not be Turing-computable?

References

German nobility
John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg House of Hanover Cadet branch of the House of Welf Born: 25 April 1625 Died: 18 December 1679
Preceded by George William	Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Calenberg 1665–1679	Succeeded by Ernest Augustus

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